{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:59:36Z","timestamp":1788454776946,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bacterial infection is implicated in the selective CNS white matter injury associated with cerebral palsy, a common birth disorder. Exposure to the bacterial endotoxin LPS produced death of white matter glial cells in isolated neonatal rat optic nerve (RON) (a model white matter tract), over a 180-min time course. A delayed intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rise preceded cell death and both events were prevented by removing extracellular Ca2+. The cytokines TNF-\u03b1 or IL-1\u03b2, but not IL-6, mimicked the cytotoxic effect of LPS, whereas blocking either TNF-\u03b1 with a neutralizing Ab or IL-1 with recombinant antagonist prevented LPS cytotoxicity. Ultrastructural examination showed wide-scale oligodendroglial cell death in LPS-treated rat optic nerves, with preservation of astrocytes and axons. Fluorescently conjugated LPS revealed LPS binding on microglia and astrocytes in neonatal white and gray matter. Astrocyte binding predominated, and was particularly intense around blood vessels. LPS can therefore bind directly to developing white matter astrocytes and microglia to evoke rapid cell death in neighboring oligodendroglia via a calcium- and cytokine-mediated pathway. In addition to direct toxicity, LPS increased the degree of acute cell death evoked by ischemia in a calcium-dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.1.155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:08:21Z","timestamp":1398028101000},"page":"155-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Acute Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Injury in Neonatal White Matter Glia: Role of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and Calcium"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Sherwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester , Leicester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Fern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester , Leicester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212140828800_R1","volume-title":"Neurology of the newborn","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020212140828800_R2","first-page":"553","volume-title":"Pediatr. 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