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In this report, topical imiquimod, a synthetic TLR7 agonist, significantly enhanced the protective antitumor effects of a live, recombinant listeria vaccine against murine melanoma. This tumor protective effect was not dependent on direct application to the tumor and was associated with an increase in tumor-associated and splenic dendritic cells. Additionally, the combination of imiquimod treatment with prior vaccination led to development of localized vitiligo. These findings indicate that activation of the innate immune system with TLR ligands stimulates dendritic cell activity resulting in a bypass of peripheral tolerance and enhanced antitumor activity. The results of these studies have broad implications for future designs of immunotherapeutic vaccines against tumors and the treatment of metastatic melanoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T23:20:32Z","timestamp":1398036032000},"page":"1983-1990","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["The TLR7 Agonist Imiquimod Enhances the Anti-Melanoma Effects of a Recombinant\n                    <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Noah","family":"Craft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Specialty Training and Advanced Research Program, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin W","family":"Bruhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bidong D","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Department of Surgery\/Neurosurgery, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery\/Neurosurgery, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda M","family":"Liau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery\/Neurosurgery, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery F","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020214042386800_R1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Immunol. 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