{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:36:07Z","timestamp":1789882567770,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>IL-13 is a Th2-derived cytokine associated with pathological changes in asthma and ulcerative colitis. Moreover, it plays a major role in the control of gut nematode infection and associated immunopathology. The current paradigm is that these effects are due to T cell-derived IL-13. We show in this study that an innate source of IL-13, the intraepithelial NK cell, is responsible for the disruption of intestinal tissue architecture and induction of goblet cell hyperplasia that characterizes infection with the intestinal helminth Trichinella spiralis. IL-13 or IL-4R\u03b1 (but not IL-4) null mice failed to induce intestinal pathology. Unexpectedly, SCID and athymic mice developed the same pathology found in immunocompetent mice following infection. Moreover, immunodeficient mice expressed IL-13 in the intestine, and abnormal mucosal pathology was reduced by in vivo administration of a soluble IL-13 antagonist. IL-13 expression was induced in non-T intraepithelial CD3\u2212 NK cells. Epithelial cells expressed the IL-13 signaling receptor, IL-13R\u03b11, and after infection, IL-4R\u03b1. Furthermore, the soluble IL-13 decoy receptor IL-13R\u03b12, which regulates IL-13 responses, was also induced upon infection. These data provide the first evidence that intestinal tissue restructuring during helminth infection is an innate event dependent on IL-13 production by NK cells resident in the epithelium of the intestine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.3207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T13:44:04Z","timestamp":1398347044000},"page":"3207-3213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Intraepithelial NK Cell-Derived IL-13 Induces Intestinal Pathology Associated with Nematode Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline R","family":"McDermott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil E","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon P","family":"Forman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra D","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease, Wyeth Research , Cambridge, MA 02140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K","family":"Grencis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032808421710200_R1","first-page":"521","volume-title":"Nat. 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