{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:27:24Z","timestamp":1761823644319,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neurocysticercosis, caused by infection with larval Taenia solium, is a major cause of epilepsy worldwide. Larval degeneration, which is symptomatic, results in inflammatory cell influx. Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type and major cytokine-producing cell within the CNS, may be important in orchestrating inflammatory responses after larval degeneration. We investigated the effects of direct stimulation and of conditioned medium from T. solium larval Ag (TsAg)-stimulated monocytes (CoMTsAg) on neutrophil and astrocyte chemokine release. CoMTsAg, but not control conditioned medium, stimulated astrocyte CCL2\/MCP-1 (161.5 \u00b1 16 ng\/ml), CXCL8\/IL-8 (416 \u00b1 6.2 ng\/ml), and CXCL10\/IFN-\u03b3-inducible protein (9.07 \u00b1 0.6 ng\/ml) secretion after 24 h, whereas direct astrocyte or neutrophil stimulation with TsAg had no effect. There was rapid accumulation of CCL2 and CXCL8 mRNA within 1 h, with somewhat delayed expression of CXCL10 mRNA initially detected 8 h poststimulation. Neutralizing anti-TNF-\u03b1 inhibited CoMTsAg-induced CCL2 mRNA accumulation by up to 99%, causing total abolition of CXCL10 and up to 77% reduction in CXCL8 mRNA. CoMTsAg induced maximal nuclear binding of NF-\u03baB p65 and p50 by 1 h, with I\u03baB\u03b1 and I\u03baB\u03b2 decay within 15 min. In addition, CoMTsAg induced transient nuclear binding of AP-1, which peaked 4 h poststimulation. In NF-\u03baB blocking experiments using pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, CoMTsAg-induced CCL2 secretion was reduced by up to 80% (p = 0.0006), whereas CXCL8 was inhibited by up to 75% (p = 0.0003). In summary, the data show that astrocytes are an important source of chemokines following larval Ag stimulation. Such chemokine secretion is NF-\u03baB dependent, likely to involve AP-1, and is regulated in a paracrine loop by monocyte-derived TNF-\u03b1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.3273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T13:44:04Z","timestamp":1398347044000},"page":"3273-3281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Monocyte-Astrocyte Networks and the Regulation of Chemokine Secretion in Neurocysticercosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Jasim","family":"Uddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College (Hammersmith Campus) , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hector H","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurolo\u0301gicas , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert H","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD 21205"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando E","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon S","family":"Friedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College (Hammersmith Campus) , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"reference":[{"first-page":"101","volume-title":"Clin. 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