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It has been unknown whether Tregs can directly suppress B cells or whether they must suppress Th cells to suppress B cell response. We report here that Foxp3+ Tregs are found in T-B area borders and within germinal centers of human lymphoid tissues and can directly suppress B cell Ig response. Although Tregs can effectively suppress T cells, they can also directly suppress B cell response without the need to first suppress Th cells. The direct suppression of B cell Ig production by Tregs is accompanied by inhibition of Ig class switch recombination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:55:01Z","timestamp":1398034501000},"page":"4180-4183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":481,"title":["Cutting Edge: Direct Suppression of B Cells by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Hyung W","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Pathobiology; Purdue Cancer Center; Bindley Bioscience Center; and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hillsamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sagamore Surgical Center , Lafayette, IN 47909"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison H","family":"Banham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang H","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Pathobiology; Purdue Cancer Center; Bindley Bioscience Center; and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212185925400_R1","first-page":"1545","volume-title":"J. 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