{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:26:33Z","timestamp":1791199593867,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Whipple\u2019s disease (WD) is a rare systemic disease caused by Tropheryma whipplei. We showed that T. whipplei was eliminated by human monocytes but replicated in monocyte-derived macrophages (M\u03c6) by inducing an original activation program. Two different host molecules were found to be key elements for this specific pattern. Thioredoxin, through its overexpression in infected monocytes, was involved in bacterial killing because adding thioredoxin to infected M\u03c6 inhibited bacterial replication. IL-16, which was up-regulated in M\u03c6, enabled T. whipplei to replicate in monocytes and increased bacterial replication in M\u03c6. In addition, anti-IL-16 Abs abolished T. whipplei replication in M\u03c6. IL-16 down-modulated the expression of thioredoxin and up-regulated that of IL-16 and proapoptotic genes. In patients with WD, T. whipplei replication was higher than in healthy subjects and was related to high levels of circulating IL-16. Both events were corrected in patients who successfully responded to antibiotics treatment. This role of IL-16 was not reported previously and gives an insight into the understanding of WD pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:55:01Z","timestamp":1398034501000},"page":"4575-4582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["IL-16 Is Critical for\n                    <i>Tropheryma whipplei<\/i>\n                    Replication in Whipple\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Benoi\u0302t","family":"Desnues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 6020, Institut Fe\u0301de\u0301ratif de Recherche 48, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 6020, Institut Fe\u0301de\u0301ratif de Recherche 48, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Mege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 6020, Institut Fe\u0301de\u0301ratif de Recherche 48, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212184916800_R1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Medicine","year":"1970"},{"key":"2026020212184916800_R2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Clin. 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