{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1790935401090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mechanisms by which donor-specific blood transfusion (DSBT) promotes organ allograft acceptance are unclear. In a rat fully mismatched cardiac allograft model, we found that DSBT alone (without immunotherapy) induces the development of regulatory T cells (DSBT-Tregs) posttransplant, thereby shedding new light in the mechanisms of the transfusion effect. Compartments and timing of expansion, requirements, and phenotype of DSBT-Tregs are unknown. It is generally assumed that some time is necessary before Tregs develop. However, we show\u2014by adoptive transfer from DSBT\u2014tolerant into naive recipients: 1) the presence of DSBT-Tregs at 5 days posttransplant in spleen and lymph nodes; 2) their gradual expansion in these compartments; and 3) their presence in the graft 14 of 30 days posttransplant. DSBT-Tregs are donor specific and do not protect third-party allografts. Splenocytes from DSBT-treated nontransplanted recipients or from transplanted DSBT-untreated (rejecting) recipients do not transfer tolerance, indicating that both DSBT and graft are required for sufficient numbers of DSBT-Tregs to develop. Thymectomy (or splenectomy) before DSBT (not at transplantation) abrogate DSBT-Tregs generation and tolerance, showing that thymus (and spleen) are required for DSBT-Tregs generation (not for expansion\/maintenance). In contrast with other Tregs models, DSBT-Tregs activity is not restricted to CD4+CD25+ but to CD4+CD45RC\u2212 cells, whereas CD4+CD45RC+ cells act as effector cells and accelerate rejection. In conclusion, DSBT alone induces\u2014rapidly posttransplant\u2014the development of alloantigen-specific Tregs in lymphoid tissues and in the graft. DSBT, graft, thymus, and spleen are required for DSBT-Tregs generation. DSBT-Tregs in this model are CD4+CD45RC\u2212 (identical to Tregs protecting from autoimmunity in rats).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.8.4963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:28:35Z","timestamp":1398032915000},"page":"4963-4970","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Early Presence of Regulatory Cells in Transplanted Rats Rendered Tolerant by Donor-Specific Blood Transfusion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kitade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Rutgeerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Landuyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Radiobiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Waer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Pirenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Abdominal Transplant Surgery Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212172950700_R1","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Am. 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