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In contrast to the above, we show here that antiviral CD4+ T cell generation after infection is reduced in the absence of IFN-\u03b3 signals. The deficient expansion of cells was not due to perturbations in T cell sensitivity to peptide or to altered migratory patterns through nonlymphoid tissues. Instead, IFN-\u03b3 enhanced early antiviral CD4 responses largely through direct signals into these cells. Our data challenge prevailing dogma and have implications for how the sizes of the CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses are established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.9.5624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:54:18Z","timestamp":1398034458000},"page":"5624-5628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Cutting Edge: Early IFN-\u03b3 Signaling Directly Enhances Primary Antiviral CD4+ T Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Jason K","family":"Whitmire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Benning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J Lindsay","family":"Whitton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212115163700_R1","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Annu. 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