{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:01:11Z","timestamp":1791018071618,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is generally believed that the production of influenza-specific IgG in response to viral infection is dependent on CD4 T cells. However, we previously observed that CD40-deficient mice generate influenza-specific IgG during a primary infection, suggesting that influenza infection may elicit IgG responses independently of CD4 T cell help. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis and show that mice lacking CD40 or CD4 T cells produce detectable titers of influenza-specific IgG and recover from influenza infection in a manner similar to that of normal mice. In contrast, mice completely lacking B cells succumb to influenza infection, despite the presence of large numbers of functional influenza-specific CD8 effector cells in the lungs. Consistent with the characteristics of a T-independent Ab response, long-lived influenza-specific plasma cells are not found in the bone marrow of CD40\u2212\/\u2212 and class II\u2212\/\u2212 mice, and influenza-specific IgG titers wane within 60 days postinfection. However, despite the short-lived IgG response, CD40\u2212\/\u2212 and class II\u2212\/\u2212 mice are completely protected from challenge infection with the same virus administered within 30 days. This protection is mediated primarily by B cells and Ab, as influenza-immune CD40\u2212\/\u2212 and class II\u2212\/\u2212 mice were still resistant to challenge infection when T cells were depleted. These data demonstrate that T cell-independent influenza-specific Ab promotes the resolution of primary influenza infection and helps to prevent reinfection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.9.5827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:54:18Z","timestamp":1398034458000},"page":"5827-5838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["CD4 T Cell-Independent Antibody Response Promotes Resolution of Primary Influenza Infection and Helps to Prevent Reinfection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Byung O","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego , San Diego, CA 92109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Rangel-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan E","family":"Moyron-Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Hartson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Makris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sprague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances E","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troy D","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212132769500_R1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Immunol. 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