{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:49:21Z","timestamp":1791377361493,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shigella invades the human intestinal mucosa, thus causing bacillary dysentery, an acute recto-colitis responsible for lethal complications, mostly in infants and toddlers. Conversely, commensal bacteria live in a mutualistic relationship with the intestinal mucosa that is characterized by homeostatic control of innate responses, thereby contributing to tolerance to the flora. Cross-talk established between commensals and the intestinal epithelium mediate this active process, the mechanisms of which remain largely uncharacterized. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus casei belong to a subclass of these commensals that modulate mucosal innate responses and possibly display anti-inflammatory properties. We analyzed whether L. casei could attenuate the pro-inflammatory signaling induced by Shigella flexneri after invasion of the epithelial lining. Cultured epithelial cells were infected with L. casei, followed by a challenge with S. flexneri. Using macroarray DNA chips, we observed that L. casei down-regulated the transcription of a number of genes encoding pro-inflammatory effectors such as cytokines and chemokines and adherence molecules induced by invasive S. flexneri. This resulted in an anti-inflammatory effect that appeared mediated by the inhibition of the NF-\u03baB pathway, particularly through stabilization of I-\u03baB\u03b1. In a time-course experiment using GeneChip hybridization analysis, the expression of many genes involved in ubiquitination and proteasome processes were modulated during L. casei treatment. Thus, L. casei has developed a sophisticated means to maintain intestinal homeostasis through a process that involves manipulation of the ubiquitin\/proteasome pathway upstream of I-\u03baB\u03b1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.2.1228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T19:43:16Z","timestamp":1398022996000},"page":"1228-1237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":267,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Effect of\n                    <i>Lactobacillus casei<\/i>\n                    on\n                    <i>Shigella<\/i>\n                    -Infected Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Meng-Tsung","family":"Tien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathoge\u0301nie Microbienne Mole\u0301culaire Unit, Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale U389 , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"DNA Chip Platform, Genopole , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen E","family":"Girardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathoge\u0301nie Microbienne Mole\u0301culaire Unit, Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale U389 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Be\u0301atrice","family":"Regnault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Chip Platform, Genopole , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Le Bourhis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imunite\u0301 Inne\u0301e et Signalisation, Pasteur Institute , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Agne\u0300s","family":"Dillies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Chip Platform, Genopole , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Coppe\u0301e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Chip Platform, Genopole , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphae\u0308lle","family":"Bourdet-Sicard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Vitapole, Nutrivaleur , Palaiseau ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe J","family":"Sansonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathoge\u0301nie Microbienne Mole\u0301culaire Unit, Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale U389 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Pe\u0301dron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathoge\u0301nie Microbienne Mole\u0301culaire Unit, Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale U389 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020211343912800_R1","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R2","first-page":"953","volume-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R3","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R4","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Cell","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R5","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cell Microbiol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R6","first-page":"1202","volume-title":"Gastroenterology","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R7","first-page":"1521","volume-title":"World J. Gastroenterol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R8","first-page":"659","volume-title":"Gut","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R9","first-page":"865","volume-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R10","first-page":"3299","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R11","first-page":"171","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R12","first-page":"1358","volume-title":"Gastroenterology","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R13","first-page":"1560","volume-title":"Science","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R14","first-page":"2 846","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R15","first-page":"881","volume-title":"Science","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R16","first-page":"15451","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R17","first-page":"3","volume-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R18","first-page":"903","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R19","first-page":"736","volume-title":"EMBO Rep.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R20","first-page":"1584","volume-title":"Science","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R21","first-page":"2681","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R22","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cytokine","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R23","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R24","first-page":"33878","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R25","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Immun. Trends Microbiol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R26","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R27","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R28","first-page":"2520","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R29","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Nat. Immunol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R30","first-page":"42984","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R31","first-page":"567","volume-title":"Cancer Res.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R32","first-page":"3077","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R33","first-page":"1447","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R34","first-page":"761","volume-title":"Blood","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R35","first-page":"45643","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R36","first-page":"6397","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R37","first-page":"2283","volume-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R38","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Nat. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R39","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Biochimie","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R40","first-page":"E121","volume-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020211343912800_R41","first-page":"657","volume-title":"Science","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/176\/2\/1228\/62637044\/1228.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/176\/2\/1228\/62637044\/1228.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T16:34:50Z","timestamp":1770050090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/176\/2\/1228\/8034299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.176.2.1228","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}}}