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In this study, we demonstrate that the CII259\u2013273 peptide, galactosylated at lysine 264, in complex with Aq molecules prevented development of CIA in mice and ameliorated chronic relapsing disease. In contrast, nonglycosylated CII259\u2013273\/Aq complexes had no such effect. CIA dependent on other MHC class II molecules (Ar\/Er) was also down-regulated, indicating a bystander vaccination effect. T cells could transfer the amelioration of CIA, showing that the protection is an active process. Thus, a complex between MHC class II molecules and a posttranslationally modified peptide offers a new possibility for treatment of chronically active autoimmune inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.3.1525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T18:20:05Z","timestamp":1398018005000},"page":"1525-1533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Therapeutic Vaccination of Active Arthritis with a Glycosylated Collagen Type II Peptide in Complex with MHC Class II Molecules"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Balik","family":"Dzhambazov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University , Lund ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kutty Selva","family":"Nandakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University , Lund ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kihlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Umea\u030a University , Umea\u030a ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Fugger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikard","family":"Holmdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University , Lund ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Vestberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University , Lund ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020214091247100_R1","first-page":"485","volume-title":"Arthritis Rheum.","year":"1985"},{"key":"2026020214091247100_R2","first-page":"2741","volume-title":"Arthritis Rheum.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020214091247100_R3","first-page":"R303","volume-title":"Arthritis Res. 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