{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:04:45Z","timestamp":1790291085733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune bullous skin disorder and is associated with autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg)3 that are regulated by Th2 cells. Recently, Dsg3-specific type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) were identified that are presumably critical for the maintenance of tolerance against Dsg3 because there is a much lower Dsg3-specific Tr1:Th2 ratio in the PV patients than in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to down-regulate the transcription factor Foxp3 in Dsg3-specific Tr1 using antisense oligonucleotides because Foxp3 is constitutively expressed by the Dsg3-specific Tr1. Antisense-treated Dsg3-specific Tr1 clones lost expression of Foxp3, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related receptor, and CTLA-4, and started to secrete IL-2, whereas the secretion of IL-5, TGF-\u03b2, and IL-10 remained unchanged. Moreover, antisense treatment induced a proliferative response to Dsg3 of the formerly anergic Tr1 and abrogated their suppressor activity on Dsg3-specific Th2 cell clones. Thus, inhibition of Foxp3 mRNA expression in the Tr1 induced a Th2-like phenotype. In conclusion, Foxp3 expression is inherent to Tr1 function, and modulation of Foxp3 expression in autoaggressive Th2 cells may provide a novel therapeutic approach aimed at restoring tolerance against Dsg3 in PV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.3215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T19:49:01Z","timestamp":1398282541000},"page":"3215-3222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Inhibition of the Transcription Factor Foxp3 Converts Desmoglein 3-Specific Type 1 Regulatory T Cells into Th2-Like Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Veldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"University of Marburg , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Pahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Beissert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Mu\u0308nster , Mu\u0308nster ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mucosal Immunity, German Research Centre for Biotechnology , Braunschweig ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Buer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mucosal Immunity, German Research Centre for Biotechnology , Braunschweig ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"Dieckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerold","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hertl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"University of Marburg , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020211402133700_R1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Pemphigus Medicine","year":"1953"},{"key":"2026020211402133700_R2","first-page":"869","volume-title":"Cell","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026020211402133700_R3","first-page":"461","volume-title":"J. 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