{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T04:42:59Z","timestamp":1770093779021,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patent lymphatic filariasis is characterized by profound Ag-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness with impaired IFN-\u03b3 and IL-2 production. Because T cells have been shown to express a number of TLR and to respond to TLR ligands, we hypothesized that diminished T cell TLR function could partially account for the T cell hyporesponsiveness in filariasis. T cells expressed TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, and the baseline expression of TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4, but not TLR9 was significantly lower in T cells of the filarial-infected individuals compared with the uninfected individuals (both endemic and nonendemic). TLR function was significantly diminished in the T cells of filarial-infected individuals based on decreased T cell activation\/cytokine production in response to TLR ligands. Thus, diminished expression and function of T cell TLR is a novel mechanism underlying T cell immune tolerance in lymphatic filariasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.3885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:59:44Z","timestamp":1398031184000},"page":"3885-3889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Cutting Edge: Diminished T Cell TLR Expression and Function Modulates the Immune Response in Human Filarial Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla P","family":"Blauvelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Kumaraswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Center , Chennai ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas B","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020211330188400_R1","first-page":"389","volume-title":"Parasite Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020211330188400_R2","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Immunol. 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