{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:52:39Z","timestamp":1790887959963,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene (GITR) participates in the immune\/inflammatory response. Because GITR expression has been described in cells other than T lymphocytes, we investigated whether it also modulates acute inflammatory response. Using GITR-deficient (GITR\u2212\/\u2212) mice, we analyzed the role of GITR in the development of carrageenan-induced lung inflammation (pleurisy) by studying several proinflammatory markers 2\u20138 h after carrageenan injection. When compared with GITR+\/+, GITR\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibited decreased production of turbid exudate containing a lower number of leukocytes. This was correlated with the reduction of inflammatory markers (including TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, myeloperoxidase, inducible NO synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2) in the pleural exudate and\/or in the lung. Moreover, endothelial cells expressed lower levels of adhesion molecules. In lungs of GITR+\/+ mice, GITR ligand expression was not modulated during pleurisy, while that of GITR increased, as a consequence of increased infiltration by GITR-expressing cells and of GITR up-regulation in macrophages and endothelial cells. Finally, cotreatment of GITR+\/+ mice with carrageenan and Fc-GITR fusion protein decreased the number of inflammatory cells (pleural macrophages and lung neutrophils) as compared with carrageenan treatment alone, confirming that GITR plays a role in the modulation of pleurisy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:47:14Z","timestamp":1397850434000},"page":"631-641","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Proinflammatory Role of Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor-Related Gene in Acute Lung Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Cuzzocrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Clinico e Sperimentale di Medicina e Farmacologia, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario , Messina ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo , Messina ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Nocentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Farmacologia, Tossicologia e Chemioterapia, Universita\u0300 di Perugia, and Polo Scientifico e Didattico di Terni , Terni ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Di Paola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Clinico e Sperimentale di Medicina e Farmacologia, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario , Messina ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Farmacologia, Tossicologia e Chemioterapia, Universita\u0300 di Perugia, and Polo Scientifico e Didattico di Terni , Terni ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Mazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Clinico e Sperimentale di Medicina e Farmacologia, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario , Messina ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo , Messina ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Ronchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Farmacologia, Tossicologia e Chemioterapia, Universita\u0300 di Perugia, and Polo Scientifico e Didattico di Terni , Terni ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Crisafulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Clinico e Sperimentale di Medicina e Farmacologia, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario , Messina ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Universita\u0300 di Napoli Federico II , Napoli ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achille P","family":"Caputi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Clinico e Sperimentale di Medicina e Farmacologia, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario , Messina ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Riccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Farmacologia, Tossicologia e Chemioterapia, Universita\u0300 di Perugia, and Polo Scientifico e Didattico di Terni , Terni ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020210150860800_R1","first-page":"6216","volume-title":"Proc. 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