{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:39:46Z","timestamp":1791247186567,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The transit of T cell-activated B cells through the germinal center (GC) is controlled by sequential activation and repression of key transcription factors, executing the pre- and post-GC B cell program. B cell lymphoma (BCL) 6 and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 8 are necessary for GC formation and for its molecular activity in Pax5+PU.1+ B cells. IRF4, which is highly expressed in BCL6\u2212 GC B cells, is necessary for class switch recombination and the plasma cell differentiation at exit from the GC. In this study, we show at the single-cell level broad coexpression of IRF4 with BCL6, Pax5, IRF8, and PU.1 in pre- and post-GC B cells in human and mouse. IRF4 is down-regulated in BCL6+ human GC founder cells (IgD+CD38+), is absent in GC centroblasts, and is re-expressed in positive regulatory domain 1-positive centrocytes, which are negative for all the B cell transcription factors. Activated (CD30+) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase-positive extrafollicular blasts coexpress Pax5 and IRF4. PU.1-negative plasma cells and CD30+ blasts uniquely display the conformational epitope of IRF4 recognized by the MUM1 Ab, an epitope that is absent from any other IRF4+PU.1+ lymphoid and hemopoietic subsets. Low grade B cell lymphomas, representing the malignant counterpart of pre- and post-GC B cells, accordingly express IRF4. However, a fraction of BCL6+ diffuse large B cell lymphomas express IRF4 bearing the MUM1 epitope, indicative of a posttranscriptional modification of IRF4 not seen in the normal counterpart.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.6930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T23:39:04Z","timestamp":1397864344000},"page":"6930-6939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Stages of Germinal Center Transit Are Defined by B Cell Transcription Factor Coexpression and Relative Abundance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Cattoretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY 10032"},{"name":"Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Shaknovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY 10467"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula M","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Martin","family":"Ja\u0308ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vundavalli V","family":"Murty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY 10032"},{"name":"Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bachir","family":"Alobeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032704320065000_R1","first-page":"2639","volume-title":"Proc. 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