{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:11:31Z","timestamp":1783037491013,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IFN-\u03b3 is critical for innate immunity against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), and it has long been thought that NK cells are the major source of IFN-\u03b3 during the first few days of infection. However, it was recently shown that a significant number of CD44highCD8+ T cells also secrete IFN-\u03b3 in an Ag-independent fashion within 16 h of infection with L. monocytogenes. In this report, we showed that infection with other intracellular pathogens did not trigger this early IFN-\u03b3 response and that cytosolic localization of Listeria was required to induce rapid IFN-\u03b3 production by CD44highCD8+ T cells. Infection of C57BL\/6 mice with an Escherichia coli strain expressing listeriolysin O (LLO), a pore-forming toxin from L. monocytogenes, also resulted in rapid IFN-\u03b3 expression by CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that LLO expression is essential for induction of the early IFN-\u03b3 response, although it is not yet clear whether LLO plays a direct role in triggering a signal cascade that leads to cytokine production or whether it is required simply to release other bacterial product(s) into the host cell cytosol. Interestingly, mouse strains that displayed a rapid CD8+ T cell IFN-\u03b3 response (C57BL\/6, 129, and NZB) all had lower bacterial burdens in the liver 3 days postinfection compared with mouse strains that did not have an early CD8+ T cell IFN-\u03b3 response (BALB\/c, A\/J, and SJL). These data suggest that participation of memory CD8+ T cells in the early immune response against L. monocytogenes correlates with innate host resistance to infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.7146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:39:04Z","timestamp":1397849944000},"page":"7146-7154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Cytosolic Localization of\n                    <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    Triggers an Early IFN-\u03b3 Response by CD8+ T Cells That Correlates with Innate Resistance to Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Sarah E F","family":"D\u2019Orazio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Troese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N","family":"Starnbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020214062384200_R1","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Nat. 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