{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:41:57Z","timestamp":1791286917591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>West Nile (WN) virus causes fatal meningoencephalitis in laboratory mice, and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are involved in the protective immune response against viral challenge. We have now examined whether \u03b3\u03b4 T cells contribute to the development of adaptive immune responses that help control WN virus infection. Approximately 15% of TCR\u03b4\u2212\/\u2212 mice survived primary infection with WN virus compared with 80\u201385% of the wild-type mice. These mice were more susceptible to secondary challenge with WN virus than the wild-type mice that survived primary challenge with the virus. Depletion of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in wild-type mice that survived the primary infection, however, does not affect host susceptibility during secondary challenge with WN virus. Furthermore, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells do not influence the development of Ab responses during primary and at the early stages of secondary infection with WN virus. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells from wild-type mice that survived primary infection with WN virus to naive mice afforded partial protection from lethal infection. In contrast, transfer of CD8+ T cells from TCR\u03b4\u2212\/\u2212 mice that survived primary challenge with WN virus failed to alter infection in naive mice. This difference in survival correlated with the numeric and functional reduction of CD8 memory T cells in these mice. These data demonstrate that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells directly link innate and adaptive immunity during WN virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.3.1825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T16:59:02Z","timestamp":1398358742000},"page":"1825-1832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["\u03b3\u03b4 T Cells Facilitate Adaptive Immunity against West Nile Virus Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO 80521"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Scully","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"},{"name":"Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Todd","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX 77550"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, CT 06504"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Welte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Ledizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L2 Diagnostics , New Haven, CT 06530"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Koski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L2 Diagnostics , New Haven, CT 06530"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A","family":"Madri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX 77550"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhinan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Craft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"},{"name":"Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erol","family":"Fikrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032807092623900_R1","first-page":"S98","volume-title":"Nat. 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