{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:39:19Z","timestamp":1790915959036,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>EBV, a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with many carcinomas. We have previously shown that the EBV latent genes LMP-1 and LMP-2A (for latent membrane proteins 1 and 2A), transactivate a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV), HERV-K18, in infected B lymphocytes. The envelope (Env) protein of HERV-K18 encodes a superantigen that strongly stimulates a large number of T cells. In this study we report that HERV-K18 env is transactivated even earlier in the infection process, before the establishment of latency; namely, we found that EBV, through its interaction with its cellular receptor CD21, induces the HERV-K18 env gene in resting B lymphocytes. This transactivation is direct and immediate, as up-regulation of transcripts can be detected within 30 min after EBV exposure. Thus, EBV binding to human CD21 on resting B cells triggers the expression of an endogenous superantigen. The biological significance of this superantigen expression for the EBV life cycle is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.4.2056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T23:20:43Z","timestamp":1397863243000},"page":"2056-2060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Cutting Edge: Epstein-Barr Virus Transactivates the HERV-K18 Superantigen by Docking to the Human Complement Receptor 2 (CD21) on Primary B Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Francis C","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programs in M.D.\/Ph.D., Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"},{"name":"Genetics Program, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte T","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programs in M.D.\/Ph.D., Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"},{"name":"Genetics Program, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"},{"name":"Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032807252614600_R1","first-page":"801","volume-title":"Nat. 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