{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:15:37Z","timestamp":1793146537227,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) results from a permanent intolerance to dietary gluten and is due to a massive T cell-mediated immune response to gliadin, the main component of gluten. In this disease, the regulation of immune responses to dietary gliadin is altered. Herein, we investigated whether IL-10 could modulate anti-gliadin immune responses and whether gliadin-specific type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells could be isolated from the intestinal mucosa of CD patients in remission. Short-term T cell lines were generated from jejunal biopsies, either freshly processed or cultured ex vivo with gliadin in the presence or absence of IL-10. Ex vivo stimulation of CD biopsies with gliadin in the presence of IL-10 resulted in suppression of Ag-specific proliferation and cytokine production, indicating that pathogenic T cells are susceptible to IL-10-mediated immune regulation. T cell clones generated from intestinal T cell lines were tested for gliadin specificity by cytokine production and proliferative responses. The majority of gliadin-specific T cell clones had a Th0 cytokine production profile with secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-10 and proliferated in response to gliadin. Tr1 cell clones were also isolated. These Tr1 cells were anergic, restricted by DQ2 (a CD-associated HLA), and produced IL-10 and IFN-\u03b3, but little or no IL-2 or IL-4 upon activation with gliadin or polyclonal stimuli. Importantly, gliadin-specific Tr1 cell clones suppressed proliferation of pathogenic Th0 cells. In conclusion, dietary Ag-specific Tr1 cells are present in the human intestinal mucosa, and strategies to boost their numbers and\/or function may offer new therapeutic opportunities to restore gut homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.6.4178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:17:50Z","timestamp":1397848670000},"page":"4178-4186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Gliadin-Specific Type 1 Regulatory T Cells from the Intestinal Mucosa of Treated Celiac Patients Inhibit Pathogenic T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Gianfrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Avellino ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan K","family":"Levings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (Hospital San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy) . Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II , Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Sartirana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (Hospital San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy) . Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mazzarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Avellino ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianvincenzo","family":"Barba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Avellino ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Zanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II , Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Camarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Avellino ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II , Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Iaquinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Moscati Hospital , Avellino ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Giardullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Moscati Hospital , Avellino ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II , Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Troncone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Avellino ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II , Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Grazia","family":"Roncarolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (Hospital San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy) . 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