{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T05:29:22Z","timestamp":1770096562970,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with HIV infection exhibit deficits in bacterial and fungal clearance, and possibly depressed innate immunity. In this study, we observed that neutrophils from HIV-infected patients have a profound defect in chemotaxis in response to endogenous (IL-8) and bacterial (fMLP) chemoattractants, which was directly correlated with peripheral CD4+ lymphocyte levels but not plasma viral load. A similar chemotactic defect was observed in the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model of HIV infection. Intravital microscopy of FIV-infected animals revealed marked impairment in the in vivo recruitment of leukocytes; specifically integrin-dependent neutrophil adhesion and emigration induced by bacterial products. Treatment of FIV-infected animals with GM-CSF re-established both neutrophil recruitment (rolling, adhesion, and emigration) and in vitro chemotaxis to the levels seen in uninfected animals. This restoration of neutrophil responses was not due to GM-CSF-mediated priming. Rather, HIV and FIV infections resulted in defective neutrophil development, with an ensuing reduction in neutrophil granularity and chemotactic receptor expression. GM-CSF therapy restored neutrophil granularity, implying restoration of normal neutrophil development. Together, our findings underscore the fundamental defects in innate immunity caused by lentivirus infections, while also indicating that GM-CSF may be a potential immunorestorative therapy for HIV-infected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:02:17Z","timestamp":1397847737000},"page":"6405-6414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["HIV and Other Lentiviral Infections Cause Defects in Neutrophil Chemotaxis, Recruitment, and Cell Structure: Immunorestorative Effects of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Bryan","family":"Heit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derrice","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph M","family":"Antony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M John","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kubes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020211115930800_R1","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Baillieres Best Pract. 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