{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:32:16Z","timestamp":1791261136791,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effort to explore the specific autoimmune mechanisms of urinary bladder has long been hindered due to a lack of proper animal models. To better elucidate this issue, we developed a novel line of transgenic (Tg) mice, designated as URO-OVA mice, that express the model Ag OVA as a \u201cself\u201d-Ag on the bladder epithelium. URO-OVA mice are naturally tolerant to OVA and show no response to OVA stimulation. Adoptive transfer of naive OVA-specific T cells showed cell proliferation, activation, and infiltration but no bladder histopathology. In contrast, adoptive transfer of activated OVA-specific T cells induced OVA-mediated histological bladder inflammation. Increased mast cells and up-regulated mRNA expressions of TNF-\u03b1, nerve growth factor, and substance P precursor were also observed in the inflamed bladder. To further facilitate bladder autoimmunity study, we crossbred URO-OVA mice with OVA-specific CD8+ TCR Tg mice (OT-I mice) to generate a dual Tg line URO-OVA\/OT-I mice. The latter mice naturally acquire clonal deletion for autoreactive OT-I CD8+ T cells (partial deletion in the thymus and severe deletion in the periphery). Despite this clonal deletion, URO-OVA\/OT-I mice spontaneously develop autoimmune cystitis at 10 wk of age. Further studies demonstrated that the inflamed bladder contained infiltrating OT-I CD8+ T cells that had escaped clonal deletion and gained effector functions before developing histological bladder inflammation. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that the bladder epithelium actively presents self-Ag to the immune system and induces CD8+ T cell tolerance, activation, and autoimmune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.1.539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:12:47Z","timestamp":1397848367000},"page":"539-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Urinary Bladder Epithelium Antigen Induces CD8+ T Cell Tolerance, Activation, and Autoimmune Response"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Wujiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carven College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P","family":"Evanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. 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