{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:02:34Z","timestamp":1791295354255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The pathogenicity of the plague agent Yersinia pestis is largely due to the injection of effector proteins that potently block immune responses into host cells through a type III secretion apparatus. One Yersinia effector protein, YpkA, a putative serine\/threonine kinase, has been reported to act by depolymerizing actin and disrupting actin microfilament organization. Using YpkA-GFP fusion proteins to directly visualize cells expressing YpkA, we found instead that YpkA triggered rapid cell death that can be blocked by caspase inhibitors and Bcl-xL, but was not dependent on caspase-8. The actin depolymerization promoted by YpkA was only seen in cells with other features of apoptosis, and was blocked by inhibiting apoptosis, indicating that actin filament disruption is likely to be a result, rather than a cause of YpkA-induced apoptosis. A region including aa 133\u2013262 in YpkA was sufficient for inducing apoptosis independent of localization to the plasma membrane. These data suggest that YpkA can act as a direct inducer of cell death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T22:53:28Z","timestamp":1397861608000},"page":"6426-6434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The <i>Yersinia<\/i> Effector Protein YpkA Induces Apoptosis Independently of Actin Depolymerization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Heiyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"},{"name":"Immunoregulation Unit, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabir","family":"Teja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoregulation Unit, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032702491044700_R1","first-page":"851","volume-title":"C. R. Biol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R2","first-page":"324","volume-title":"Infect. Control","year":"1980"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R3","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Respir. Care Clin. N. Am.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R4","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R5","first-page":"4580","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R6","first-page":"2226","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1984"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R7","first-page":"379","volume-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R8","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R9","first-page":"9431","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R10","first-page":"35281","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R11","first-page":"730","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R12","first-page":"759","volume-title":"Yeast","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R13","first-page":"10385","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R14","first-page":"1739","volume-title":"Science","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R15","first-page":"1211","volume-title":"Science","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R16","first-page":"1920","volume-title":"Science","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R17","first-page":"51953","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R18","first-page":"1823","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R19","first-page":"1513","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R20","first-page":"4345","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R21","first-page":"1243","volume-title":"J. Cell Biol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R22","first-page":"5094","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R23","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Cell Growth Differ.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R24","first-page":"1043","volume-title":"Curr. Biol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R25","first-page":"593","volume-title":"Mol. Microbiol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R26","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Cell","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R27","first-page":"1001","volume-title":"Curr. Biol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R28","first-page":"599","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R29","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Cell","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R30","first-page":"652","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R31","first-page":"2423","volume-title":"Oncogene","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R32","first-page":"11641","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R33","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Surgery","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R34","first-page":"2697","volume-title":"Life Sci.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R35","first-page":"376","volume-title":"Nat. Cell Biol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R36","first-page":"6821","volume-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R37","first-page":"1500","volume-title":"Science","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R38","first-page":"1027","volume-title":"Cell. Microbiol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R39","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R40","first-page":"895","volume-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.","year":"1992"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R41","first-page":"4722","volume-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R42","first-page":"19271","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R43","first-page":"3226","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R44","first-page":"1263","volume-title":"Mol. Microbiol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R45","first-page":"11998","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1995"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R46","first-page":"33","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R47","first-page":"2127","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R48","first-page":"4543","volume-title":"J. Bacteriol.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R49","first-page":"7939","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R50","first-page":"4294","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R51","first-page":"5126","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025032702491044700_R52","first-page":"10388","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/178\/10\/6426\/62654302\/zim01007006426.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/178\/10\/6426\/62654302\/zim01007006426.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T03:27:33Z","timestamp":1743305253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/178\/10\/6426\/8022649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6426","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}}}