{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:56:37Z","timestamp":1791309397842,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To assess the combined role of G-CSF, GM-CSF, and M-CSF in myeloid cell production, mice deficient in all three myeloid CSFs were generated (G\u2212\/\u2212GM\u2212\/\u2212M\u2212\/\u2212 mice). G\u2212\/\u2212GM\u2212\/\u2212M\u2212\/\u2212 mice share characteristics found in mice lacking individual cytokines: they are toothless and osteopetrotic and furthermore acquire alveolar proteinosis that is more severe than that found in either GM\u2212\/\u2212 or G\u2212\/\u2212GM\u2212\/\u2212 mice. G\u2212\/\u2212GM\u2212\/\u2212M\u2212\/\u2212 mice have a significantly reduced lifespan, which is prolonged by antibiotic administration, suggesting compromised ability to control bacterial infection. G\u2212\/\u2212GM\u2212\/\u2212M\u2212\/\u2212 mice have circulating neutrophils and monocytes, albeit at significantly reduced numbers compared with wild-type mice, but surprisingly, have more circulating monocytes than M\u2212\/\u2212 mice and more circulating neutrophils than G\u2212\/\u2212GM\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Due to severe osteopetrosis, G\u2212\/\u2212GM\u2212\/\u2212M\u2212\/\u2212 mice show diminished numbers of myeloid cells, myeloid progenitors, and B lymphocytes in the bone marrow, but have significantly enhanced compensatory splenic hemopoiesis. Although G\u2212\/\u2212GM\u2212\/\u2212M\u2212\/\u2212 mice have a profound deficiency of myeloid cells in the resting peritoneal cavity, the animals mount a moderate cellular response in a model of sterile peritonitis. These data establish that in the absence of G-CSF, GM-CSF, and M-CSF, additional growth factor(s) can stimulate myelopoiesis and acute inflammatory responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T22:53:28Z","timestamp":1397861608000},"page":"6435-6443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Mice Lacking Three Myeloid Colony-Stimulating Factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF, and M-CSF) Still Produce Macrophages and Granulocytes and Mount an Inflammatory Response in a Sterile Model of Peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Margaret L","family":"Hibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal Transduction, Royal Melbourne Hospital , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Quilici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal Transduction, Royal Melbourne Hospital , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Kountouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal Transduction, Royal Melbourne Hospital , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F","family":"Seymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne , Parkville ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E","family":"Armes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Adult Hospital , South Brisbane, Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony W","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epithelial Biochemistry Laboratories, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley R","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology, Royal Melbourne Hospital , Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032702493786500_R1","first-page":"705","volume-title":"Annu. 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