{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T16:36:37Z","timestamp":1779122197757,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Elevated blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is associated with both the protective and pathological invasion of immune and inflammatory cells into CNS tissues. Although a variety of processes have been implicated in the changes at the BBB that result in the loss of integrity, there has been no consensus as to their induction. TNF-\u03b1 has often been proposed to be responsible for increased BBB permeability but there is accumulating evidence that peroxynitrite (ONOO\u2212)-dependent radicals may be the direct trigger. We demonstrate here that enhanced BBB permeability in mice, whether associated with rabies virus (RV) clearance or CNS autoimmunity, is unaltered in the absence of TNF-\u03b1. Moreover, the induction of TNF-\u03b1 expression in CNS tissues by RV infection has no impact on BBB integrity in the absence of T cells. CD4 T cells are required to enhance BBB permeability in response to the CNS infection whereas CD8 T cells and B cells are not. Like CNS autoimmunity, elevated BBB permeability in response to RV infection is evidently mediated by ONOO\u2212. However, as opposed to the invading cells producing ONOO\u2212 that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammation, during virus clearance ONOO\u2212 is produced without pathological sequelae by IFN-\u03b3-stimulated neurovascular endothelial cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.11.7334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T23:24:11Z","timestamp":1397863451000},"page":"7334-7343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["A Peroxynitrite-Dependent Pathway Is Responsible for Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Changes during a Central Nervous System Inflammatory Response: TNF-\u03b1 Is Neither Necessary nor Sufficient"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Timothy W","family":"Phares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA 19107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzena J","family":"Fabis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA 19107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine M","family":"Brimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA 19107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhonda B","family":"Kean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA 19107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D Craig","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA 19107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032803190130000_R1","first-page":"258","volume-title":"Brain Res. 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