{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:38:40Z","timestamp":1793306320199,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neutralization of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-\u03b1 by mAbs or soluble receptors represents an effective treatment for chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, or Crohn\u2019s disease. In this study, we describe a novel active immunization approach against TNF-\u03b1, which results in the induction of high titers of therapeutically active autoantibodies. Immunization of mice with virus-like particles of the bacteriophage Q\u03b2 covalently linked to either the entire soluble TNF-\u03b1 protein (Q\u03b2-C-TNF1\u2013156) or a 20-aa peptide derived from its N terminus (Q\u03b2-C-TNF4\u201323) yielded specific Abs, which protected from clinical signs of inflammation in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. Whereas mice immunized with Q\u03b2-C-TNF1\u2013156 showed increased susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection and enhanced reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mice immunized with Q\u03b2-C-TNF4\u201323 were not immunocompromised with respect to infection with these pathogens. This difference was attributed to recognition of both transmembrane and soluble TNF-\u03b1 by Abs elicited by Q\u03b2-C-TNF1\u2013156, and a selective recognition of only soluble TNF-\u03b1 by Abs raised by Q\u03b2-C-TNF4\u201323. Thus, by specifically targeting soluble TNF-\u03b1, Q\u03b2-C-TNF4\u201323 immunization has the potential to become an effective and safe therapy against inflammatory disorders, which might overcome the risk of opportunistic infections associated with the currently available TNF-\u03b1 antagonists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.11.7450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T23:24:11Z","timestamp":1397863451000},"page":"7450-7457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["A Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Selectively Targeting Soluble TNF-\u03b1 Protects from Arthritis without Inducing Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Gunther","family":"Spohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytos Biotechnology AG , Zurich-Schlieren ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pa\u030al","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytos Biotechnology AG , Zurich-Schlieren ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muazzam","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytos Biotechnology AG , Zurich-Schlieren ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Rohner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytos Biotechnology AG , Zurich-Schlieren ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytos Biotechnology AG , Zurich-Schlieren ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Dietmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytos Biotechnology AG , Zurich-Schlieren ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M","family":"Ku\u0308ndig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary T","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytos Biotechnology AG , Zurich-Schlieren ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Brombacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin F","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytos Biotechnology AG , Zurich-Schlieren ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032803185611100_R1","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Arthritis Rheum.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025032803185611100_R2","first-page":"1254","volume-title":"Clin. 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