{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:38:59Z","timestamp":1790919539971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis produce immunomodulating toxins and an antiphagocytic capsule. The toxin component-protective Ag is a key target of the antianthrax immune response that induces production of toxin-neutralizing Abs. Coimmunization with spores enhances the antitoxin vaccine, and inactivated spores alone confer measurable protection. We aimed to identify the mechanisms of protection induced in inactivated-spore immunized mice that function independently of the toxin\/antitoxin vaccine system. This goal was addressed with humoral and CD4 T lymphocyte transfer, in vivo depletion of CD4 T lymphocytes and IFN-\u03b3, and Ab-deficient (\u03bcMT\u2212\/\u2212) or IFN-\u03b3-insensitive (IFN-\u03b3R\u2212\/\u2212) mice. We found that humoral immunity did not protect from nontoxinogenic capsulated bacteria, whereas a cellular immune response by IFN-\u03b3-producing CD4 T lymphocytes protected mice. These results are the first evidence of protective cellular immunity against capsulated B. anthracis and suggest that future antianthrax vaccines should strive to augment cellular adaptive immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T13:14:39Z","timestamp":1397826879000},"page":"2646-2650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Cutting Edge: IFN-\u03b3-Producing CD4 T Lymphocytes Mediate Spore-Induced Immunity to Capsulated\n                    <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Ian Justin","family":"Glomski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 des Toxines et Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 de Recherche Associe\u0301e 2172 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Corre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 des Toxines et Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 de Recherche Associe\u0301e 2172 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miche\u0300le","family":"Mock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 des Toxines et Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 de Recherche Associe\u0301e 2172 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Louis","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 des Toxines et Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 de Recherche Associe\u0301e 2172 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012810501117500_R1","first-page":"647","volume-title":"Annu. 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