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The NPs were efficiently taken up by dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequently localized in the lysosomal compartments. \u03b3-PGA NPs strongly induced cytokine production, up-regulation of costimulatory molecules, and the enhancement of T cell stimulatory capacity in DCs. These maturational changes of DCs involved the MyD88-mediated NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. In vivo, \u03b3-PGA NPs were preferentially internalized by APCs (DCs and macrophages) and induced the production of IL-12p40 and IL-6. The immunization of mice with OVA-carrying NPs induced Ag-specific CTL activity and Ag-specific production of IFN-\u03b3 in splenocytes as well as potent production of Ag-specific IgG1 and IgG2a Abs in serum. Furthermore, immunization with NPs carrying a CD8+ T cell epitope peptide of Listeria monocytogenes significantly protected the infected mice from death. These results suggest that Ag-carrying \u03b3-PGA NPs are capable of inducing strong cellular and humoral immune responses and might be potentially useful as effective vaccine adjuvants for the therapy of infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T13:14:39Z","timestamp":1397826879000},"page":"2979-2986","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":190,"title":["Targeting of Antigen to Dendritic Cells with Poly(\u03b3-Glutamic Acid) Nanoparticles Induces Antigen-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Tomofumi","family":"Uto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuaki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Dendritic Cell Immunology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan), Yokohama Institute , Kanagawa ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misako","family":"Haraguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takami","family":"Akagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Akashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012810524493100_R1","first-page":"599","volume-title":"J. 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