{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:43:10Z","timestamp":1791164590310,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u03b3\u03b4 T cells are present in the mucosal intestinal epithelia and secrete factors necessary to maintain tissue integrity. Ags recognized by these cells are poorly defined, although in mice non-classical MHC class I molecules have been implicated. Since MHC class I-like CD1 receptors are widely expressed at the surface of epithelial and dendritic intestinal cells and have the capacity to present lipid Ags to T cells, we hypothesized that these molecules might present autologous and\/or exogenous phospholipids to intestinal \u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes. Intraepithelial T lymphocytes from normal human duodenal mucosal biopsies were cloned and exposed to natural and synthetic phospholipids using CD1a-, CD1b-, CD1c- or CD1d-transfected C1R lymphoblastoid or HeLa cell lines as APCs. Their cytolytic properties and regulatory cytokine secretion were also examined. Most clones obtained from duodenal mucosa (up to 70%) were TCR\u03b1\u03b2+, and either CD4+ or CD8+, whereas 20% were CD4\u2212CD8\u2212 (6 clones) or TCR\u03b3\u03b4+ (12 clones). A relevant percentage (up to 66%) of TCR\u03b3\u03b4+ but few (&amp;lt;5%) TCR\u03b1\u03b2+ T cell clones responded to synthetic and\/or natural phospholipids presented by CD1 molecules, as measured by both [3H]thymidine incorporation and IL-4 release assays. A Th1-like cytolytic and functional activity along with the ability to secrete regulatory cytokines was observed in most phospholipid-specific \u03b3\u03b4 T cell clones. Thus, a substantial percentage of TCR\u03b3\u03b4+ but few TCR\u03b1\u03b2+ from human duodenal mucosa recognize exogenous phospholipids in a CD1-restricted fashion. This adaptive response could contribute to mucosal homeostasis, but could also favor the emergence of inflammatory or allergic intestinal diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.6.3620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:26:46Z","timestamp":1397849206000},"page":"3620-3626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["CD1-Restricted Recognition of Exogenous and Self-Lipid Antigens by Duodenal \u03b3\u03b4+ T Lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Anna M","family":"Russano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Allergy, Section of Internal Medicine and Oncological Sciences , Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrio","family":"Bassotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School , Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Agea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Allergy, Section of Internal Medicine and Oncological Sciences , Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onelia","family":"Bistoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Allergy, Section of Internal Medicine and Oncological Sciences , Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mazzocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School , Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School , Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A","family":"Porcelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York 10461"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Spinozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Allergy, Section of Internal Medicine and Oncological Sciences , Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012809391441200_R1","first-page":"485","volume-title":"Mucosal Immunology","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026012809391441200_R2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Curr. 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