{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:35:09Z","timestamp":1791304509129,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>IFN-\u03b3 is a key cytokine controlling Brucella infection. One of its major function is the stimulation of Brucella-killing effector mechanisms, such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS)\/NOS2 activity, in phagocytic cells. In this study, an attempt to identify the main cellular components of the immune response induced by Brucella melitensis in vivo is made. IFN-\u03b3 and iNOS protein were analyzed intracellularly using flow cytometry in chronically infected mice. Although TCR\u03b2+CD4+ cells were the predominant source of IFN-\u03b3 in the spleen, we also identified CD11b+LY-6C+LY-6G\u2212MHC-II+ cells as the main iNOS-producing cells in the spleen and the peritoneal cavity. These cells appear similar to inflammatory dendritic cells recently described in the mouse model of Listeria monocytogenes infection and human psoriasis: the TNF\/iNOS-producing dendritic cells. Using genetically deficient mice, we demonstrated that the induction of iNOS and IFN-\u03b3-producing cells due to Brucella infection required TLR4 and TLR9 stimulation coupled to Myd88-dependent signaling pathways. The unique role of MyD88 was confirmed by the lack of impact of Toll-IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-\u03b2 deficiency. The reduction of IFN-\u03b3+ and iNOS+ cell frequency observed in MyD88-, TLR4-, and TLR9-deficient mice correlated with a proportional lack of Brucella growth control. Taken together, our results provide new insight into how immune responses fight Brucella infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.8.5182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T22:55:39Z","timestamp":1397861739000},"page":"5182-5191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["MyD88-Dependent Activation of B220\u2212CD11b+LY-6C+ Dendritic Cells during <i>Brucella melitensis<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Copin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Recherche en Biologie Mole\u0301culaire, Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Faculte\u0301 Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix , Namur ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"De Baetselier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Carlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 Libre de Bruxelles , Bruxelles ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Letesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Recherche en Biologie Mole\u0301culaire, Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Faculte\u0301 Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix , Namur ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Muraille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 Libre de Bruxelles , Bruxelles ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032802562424000_R1","first-page":"2325","volume-title":"N. 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