{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:32:05Z","timestamp":1791221525320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Infection with Listeria monocytogenes elicits expansion in numbers of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, which then undergo programmed contraction. The remaining cells undergo further phenotypic and functional changes with time, eventually attaining the qualities of memory CD8+ T cells. In this study, we show that L. monocytogenes-specific CD8+ T cell populations primed in antibiotic-pretreated mice undergo brief effector phase, but rapidly develop phenotypic (CD127high, CD43low) and functional (granzyme Blow, IL-2-producing) characteristics of memory CD8+ T cells. These early memory CD8+ T cells were capable of substantial secondary expansion in response to booster challenge at day 7 postinfection, resulting in significantly elevated numbers of secondary effector and memory CD8+ T cells and enhanced protective immunity compared with control-infected mice. Although early expansion in numbers is similar after L. monocytogenes infection of antibiotic-pretreated and control mice, the absence of sustained proliferation coupled with decreased killer cell lectin-like receptor G-1 up-regulation on responding CD8+ T cells may explain the rapid effector to memory CD8+ T cell transition. In addition, antibiotic treatment 2 days post-L. monocytogenes challenge accelerated the generation of CD8+ T cells with memory phenotype and function, and this accelerated memory generation was reversed in the presence of CpG-induced inflammation. Together, these data show that the rate at which Ag-specific CD8+ T cell populations acquire memory characteristics after infection is not fixed, but rather can be manipulated by limiting inflammation that will in turn modulate the timing and extent to which CD8+ T cells proliferate and up-regulate killer cell lectin-like receptor G-1 expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.1.53","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T23:38:23Z","timestamp":1397864303000},"page":"53-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Manipulating the Rate of Memory CD8+ T Cell Generation after Acute Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Vladimir P","family":"Badovinac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T","family":"Harty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032701451222200_R1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Immunol. 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