{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:24:26Z","timestamp":1778844266030,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Type I allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis are caused by IgE-mediated humoral immune responses, while eosinophils also fulfill important roles in the etiology of IgE-mediated allergy. IL-21 regulates growth, differentiation, and function of T, B, and NK cells, while the production of IgE is also influenced by IL-21. In this study we examined whether IL-21 is capable of controlling IgE-mediated allergic reactions in vivo by using the allergic rhinitis mouse model that was established by repetitive sensitization and intranasal challenge with OVA. Intranasal administration with recombinant mouse IL-21 (rmIL-21) significantly reduced the number of sneezes, as well as the serum concentration of OVA-specific IgE, in comparison with that of untreated allergic mice. The rmIL-21 treatment also suppressed germline C\u03b5 transcription in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissues, which may have, at least partly, resulted from the up-regulation of Bcl-6 mRNA caused by IL-21. Local expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 was also inhibited by the intranasal cytokine therapy whereas, in contrast, the expression of endogenous IL-21 mRNA was induced by exogenous rmIL-21. Moreover, IL-21 acted on nasal fibroblasts to inhibit production of eotaxin. This novel function of IL-21 may be associated with the attenuation of eosinophil infiltration into nasal mucosa that was revealed by histopathological observation. These results indicated that IL-21 nasal administration effectively ameliorated allergic rhinitis through pleiotropic activities, i.e., the prevention of IgE production by B cells and eotaxin production by fibroblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.10.7157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:47:08Z","timestamp":1397850428000},"page":"7157-7165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["IL-21 Administration into the Nostril Alleviates Murine Allergic Rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Yayoi","family":"Hiromura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsunao","family":"Kishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takemitsu","family":"Hama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiro","family":"Imanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Hisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osam","family":"Mazda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012810213443500_R1","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Eur J Pharmacol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012810213443500_R2","first-page":"1110","volume-title":"Am. 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