{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:56:34Z","timestamp":1791305794292,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To elucidate the mechanisms of vaccine-induced protective immunity against Coxiella burnetii infection, we compared the protective efficacy and immunogenicity between formalin-inactivated phase I vaccine (PI-V) and phase II vaccine (PII-V) in BALB\/c mice. PI-V generated significant protection while PII-V did not confer measurable protection. Analysis of cytokine and subclass Ab responses indicated that both PI-V and PII-V were able to induce a Th1-dominant immune response but did not identify the component of host response that distinguished their ability to induce protective immunity. Interestingly, immunoblot analysis identified a difference between PI-V and PII-V vaccinates in antigenic recognition by specific Ab isotypes. The observation that PI-LPS elicited significant protection but PII-LPS did not confer measurable protection suggests PI-LPS may play a key role in PI-V-induced protection. Adoptive transfer of either immune sera or splenocytes mediated significant protection in naive BALB\/c mice, supporting the notion that both humoral and cellular immunity are important for development of protective immunity. However, the evidence that immune sera and B cells were unable to control infection while T cells conferred significant protection in SCID mice supports the hypothesis that T cell-mediated immunity is critical for host defense against C. burnetii infection. This report presents novel evidence to highlight the importance of PI-LPS and Abs in protective immunity and has important implications for the design of new generation vaccines against Q fever.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:25:48Z","timestamp":1397849148000},"page":"8372-8380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Mechanisms of Vaccine-Induced Protective Immunity against\n                    <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>\n                    Infection in BALB\/c Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Guoquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasi E","family":"Russell-Lodrigue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Andoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura R","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012809293163000_R1","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Microbiol. 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