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The effect of P2X7R on chlamydial infection had never been investigated in the preferred target cells of chlamydiae, cervical epithelial cells, nor in vaginally infected mice. In this study, we show that treatment of epithelial cells with P2X7R agonists inhibits partially Chlamydia infection in epithelial cells. Chelation of ATP with magnesium or pretreatment with a P2X7R antagonist blocks the inhibitory effects of ATP. Similarly to previous results obtained with macrophages, ATP-mediated inhibition of infection in epithelial cells requires activation of host-cell phospholipase D. Vaginal infection was also more efficient in P2X7R-deficient mice, which also displayed a higher level of acute inflammation in the endocervix, oviduct, and mesosalpingeal tissues than in infected wild-type mice. However, secretion of IL-1\u03b2, which requires P2X7R ligation during infection by other pathogens, was decreased mildly and only at short times of infection. Taken together, these results suggest that P2X7R affects Chlamydia infection by directly inhibiting infection in epithelial cells, rather than through the ability of P2X7R to modulate IL-1\u03b2 secretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:32:36Z","timestamp":1397849556000},"page":"3707-3714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Effect of the Purinergic Receptor P2X7 on\n                    <i>Chlamydia<\/i>\n                    Infection in Cervical Epithelial Cells and Vaginally Infected Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Toni","family":"Darville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Arkansas Children\u2019s Hospital and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR 72202"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Welter-Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Paris-Denis Diderot , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiane","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, University of California , Merced, CA 95344"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Abdul","family":"Sater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, University of California , Merced, CA 95344"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Charles W","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milstead Pathology PC , Atlanta, GA 30012"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Ojcius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, University of California , Merced, CA 95344"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012809321466400_R1","first-page":"769","volume-title":"APMIS","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026012809321466400_R2","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Sex. 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