{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:47:20Z","timestamp":1789390040090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Typhoid fever and gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella enterica species are increasing globally. Pregnancy poses a high risk, but it is unclear how maternal immunity to infection is altered. In mice, susceptible strains die of S. enterica serovar typhimurium (ST) infection within 7 days whereas resistant mice (129\u00d71\/SvJ) develop a chronic infection. We found that virulent ST infection during pregnancy, in normally resistant 129\u00d71\/SvJ mice, evoked \u223c100% fetal loss and surprisingly &amp;gt;60% host fatality, with a median survival of 6 days. Splenic bacterial load was 1000-fold higher in pregnant mice. This correlated to a diminished splenic recruitment\/expansion of innate immune cells: dendritic cells, neutrophils, and NK cells. In particular, the splenic expansion and activation of NK cells postinfection seen in nonpregnant mice was lacking in pregnancy. Most notably, pregnant-infected mice had decreased production of serum IL-12 and increased IL-6 levels. Moreover, uteroplacental tissue of pregnant-infected mice exhibited an \u223c40-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA expression relative to noninfected placenta, whereas IL-12p40 was not increased. In vivo blocking of IL-6 significantly reduced the splenic bacterial burden in pregnant mice yet failed to prevent fetal loss. Fetal demise correlated to the rapidity of infection; by 14 h, ST expanded to &amp;gt;105 in the placenta and had reached the fetus. Therefore, the preferential placental expansion of ST plausibly altered the inflammatory response toward IL-6 and away from IL-12, reducing the recruitment\/activation of splenic innate immune cells. Thus, highly virulent pathogens may use placental invasion to alter systemic host resistance to infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.9.6088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:27:18Z","timestamp":1397849238000},"page":"6088-6096","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Pregnancy Impairs the Innate Immune Resistance to\n                    <i>Salmonella typhimurium<\/i>\n                    Leading to Rapid Fatal Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Branka","family":"Pejcic-Karapetrovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Gurnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council\u2013Institute for Biological Sciences , Ottawa, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha S","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council\u2013Institute for Biological Sciences , Ottawa, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B Brett","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Sad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council\u2013Institute for Biological Sciences , Ottawa, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council\u2013Institute for Biological Sciences , Ottawa, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012809341539300_R1","first-page":"533","volume-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R2","first-page":"1335","volume-title":"Microbes. Infect","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R3","first-page":"6032","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R4","first-page":"2232","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R5","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R6","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Immunol. Lett.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R7","first-page":"450","volume-title":"Immunology","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R8","first-page":"1516","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R9","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Neth. J. Med.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R10","first-page":"440","volume-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R11","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Vet. Microbiol.","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R12","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R13","first-page":"353","volume-title":"Immunol. Today","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R14","first-page":"644","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R15","first-page":"1164","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R16","first-page":"1530","volume-title":"J. Infect. Dis.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R17","first-page":"2751","volume-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R18","first-page":"238","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1981"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R19","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Cell. Microbiol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R20","first-page":"5690","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R21","first-page":"22","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R22","first-page":"21","volume-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R23","first-page":"4084","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R24","first-page":"4562","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R25","first-page":"241","volume-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R26","first-page":"1708","volume-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R27","first-page":"157","volume-title":"J. Reprod. Med.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R28","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis.","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R29","first-page":"950","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R30","first-page":"e66","volume-title":"PLoS Pathog.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R31","first-page":"663","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R32","first-page":"1257","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R33","first-page":"4286","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R34","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R35","first-page":"3054","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R36","first-page":"35","volume-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol.","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R37","first-page":"376","volume-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R38","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Endocr. Rev.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R39","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R40","first-page":"5674","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R41","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Trends Microbiol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R42","first-page":"1437","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R43","first-page":"1076","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R44","first-page":"2035","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R45","first-page":"376","volume-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R46","first-page":"560","volume-title":"Scand. J. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R47","first-page":"330","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R48","first-page":"227","volume-title":"J. Leukocyte Biol.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R49","first-page":"3463","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R50","first-page":"7408","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R51","first-page":"2878","volume-title":"EMBO J.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R52","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R53","first-page":"739","volume-title":"Clin. Perinatol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R54","first-page":"3540","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R55","first-page":"5737","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012809341539300_R56","first-page":"3372","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/179\/9\/6088\/62666096\/zim02107006088.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/179\/9\/6088\/62666096\/zim02107006088.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T14:34:24Z","timestamp":1769610864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/179\/9\/6088\/8022508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.179.9.6088","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]}}}