{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T10:21:57Z","timestamp":1778840517289,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The type I IFNs exert a range of activities that include antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects. To study this further, we have constructed recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing HIV or hemagglutinin (HA) Ags along with murine type I IFNs, IFN-\u03b14 (HA-VV-IFN-\u03b14), IFN-\u03b2 (HA-VV-IFN-\u03b2), or IFN-\u03b5 (HIV-VV-IFN-\u03b5), a recently discovered member of this family. Our aims were to characterize IFN-\u03b5 functionality as a type I IFN and also to study the biological properties of these factors toward the development of safer and more effective vector-based vaccines. HIV-VV-IFN-\u03b5 and HA-VV-IFN-\u03b2 grew to lower titers than did their parental controls in murine cell lines. In vivo, however, HIV-VV-IFN-\u03b5 growth was not attenuated, while IFN-\u03b2 demonstrated potent local antiviral activity with no replication of HA-VV-IFN-\u03b2 detected. Flow cytofluorometric analysis of B lymphocytes incubated with virally encoded IFN-\u03b5 showed up-regulation of activation markers CD69 and CD86, while RT-PCR of IFN-\u03b5-treated cells revealed that gene expression levels of antiviral proteins were elevated, indicating the induction of an antiviral state. The use of these constructs in a poxvirus prime-boost immunization regime led to robust humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded Ags, despite the lack of replication in the case of HA-VV-IFN-\u03b2. Thus, coexpression of these factors may be beneficial in the design of safer vector-based vaccines. Our data also indicate that while IFN-\u03b5 exhibits certain biological traits similar to other type I IFNs, it may also have a specific role in mucosal immune regulation that is quite distinct.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:09:57Z","timestamp":1397848197000},"page":"7158-7166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Differential Effects of the Type I Interferons \u03b14, \u03b2, and \u03b5 on Antiviral Activity and Vaccine Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Stephanie L","family":"Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian A","family":"Ramshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alistair J","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Therapy Program, Clinical Sciences Building, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA 70112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charani","family":"Ranasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012809160649700_R1","first-page":"258","volume-title":"Proc. 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