{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T10:43:10Z","timestamp":1793011390431,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mechanisms leading to the observed immune dysregulation in HIV-1 infection are not well understood. HIV-specific IL-10-positive CD8+ T cells are increased in advanced HIV disease. We have previously reported that Gag-specific IL-10-positive CD8+ T cells suppressed cytolysis. In this study we describe the suppressive effect of Nef-specific IL-10-positive CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, simultaneous removal of both Gag- and Nef-specific IL-10-positive CD8+ T cells led to higher HIV-specific cytolysis compared with the removal of Nef-specific IL-10-positive CD8+ T cells alone. We also examined the level of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) as a measure of immune dysfunction in association with IL-10-positive suppressor CD8+ T cells. The level of PD-1 expression on CD107-positive effector CD8+ T cells was significantly increased when IL-10-positive suppressor CD8+ T cells were present (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Our results suggest that IL-10-positive suppressor CD8+ T cells contribute to the immune dysfunction observed in advanced HIV infection and that the concomitant presence of multiple IL-10-positive CD8+ T cell populations may have an additive suppressive effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T23:09:57Z","timestamp":1397862597000},"page":"7757-7763","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Presence of Suppressor HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Associated with Increased PD-1 Expression on Effector CD8+ T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elrefaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health , Richmond, CA 94804"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris A R","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health , Richmond, CA 94804"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman G","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health , Richmond, CA 94804"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Bangsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huyen","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health , Richmond, CA 94804"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032701443944900_R1","first-page":"272","volume-title":"Immunol. 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