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Addition of NK cells that were activated by monokines (IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18) or by exposure to M. tuberculosis-stimulated monocytes reduced Treg expansion in response to M. tuberculosis. NK cell inhibition of Treg expansion was not mediated through IFN-\u03b3. Activated NK cells lysed expanded, but not freshly isolated Tregs. Although monokines increased NK cell expression of the activating receptors NKp46, NKG2D, 2B4, CD16, and DNAM-1, only anti-NKG2D and anti-NKp46 inhibited NK cell lysis of expanded Tregs. Of five NKG2D ligands, only UL16-binding protein 1 (ULBP1) was up-regulated on M. tuberculosis-expanded Tregs, and anti-ULBP1 inhibited NK cell lysis of expanded Tregs. M. tuberculosis-stimulated monocytes activated NK cells to lyse expanded Tregs, and this was also inhibited by anti-NKG2D and anti-ULBP1, confirming the physiological relevance of this effect. Our study identifies a potential new role for NK cells in maintaining the delicate balance between the regulatory and effector arms of the immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.3.1729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T18:54:53Z","timestamp":1397847293000},"page":"1729-1736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["NK Cells Lyse T Regulatory Cells That Expand in Response to an Intracellular Pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Sugata","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter F","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cosman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen , Seattle, WA 98101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishna","family":"Vankayalapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Center , Tyler, TX 75708l"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032610023358200_R1","first-page":"517","volume-title":"Nat. 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