{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:33:30Z","timestamp":1791092010504,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The Th1\/Th2 paradigm has become an important issue in the pathogenesis of asthma, characterized by normal Th1 and elevated Th2 cytokine expression. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can produce a Th1 bias, whereas high-level dietary vitamin A can promote a Th2 bias. We used the OVA exposure mouse model to determine the contributions of vitamin A-deficient, control (4IU\/g), and high-level vitamin A (250-IU\/g) diets to the development of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. VAD reduced serum IgE and IgG1 responses, pulmonary eosinophilia, and the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, whereas the 250-IU\/g diet increased serum IgE. Also, VAD blocked pulmonary hyperresponsiveness following methacholine challenge while the 250-IU\/g diet exacerbated pulmonary hyperresponsiveness. In conclusion, VAD diminished and high-level dietary vitamin A enhanced the development of experimental asthma in this model system. These data suggest that excessive intake of vitamin A may increase the risk or severity of asthma in industrialized countries whereas vitamin A deficiency continues to increase mortality from infectious diseases in developing countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.3.1834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T22:54:53Z","timestamp":1397861693000},"page":"1834-1842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Vitamin A Deficiency Decreases and High Dietary Vitamin A Increases Disease Severity in the Mouse Model of Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Gertrud U","family":"Schuster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, University of California , Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Kenyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles B","family":"Stephensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, University of California , Davis, CA 95616"},{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California , Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032610021956000_R1","first-page":"969","volume-title":"J. 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