{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T18:50:35Z","timestamp":1771267835993,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>GM-CSF plays an important role in inflammation by promoting the production, activation, and survival of granulocytes and macrophages. In this study, GM-CSF knockout (GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212) mice were used to investigate the role of GM-CSF in a model of allergic airway inflammation. In allergic GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212 mice, eosinophil recruitment to the airways showed a striking pattern, with eosinophils present in perivascular areas, but almost completely absent in peribronchial areas, whereas in wild-type mice, eosinophil infiltration appeared in both areas. In the GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212 mice, mucus production in the airways was also reduced, and eosinophil numbers were markedly reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)3 fluid. IL-5 production was reduced in the lung tissue and BAL fluid of GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212 mice, but IL-4 and IL-13 production, airway hyperresponsiveness, and serum IgE levels were not affected. The presence of eosinophils in perivascular but not peribronchial regions was suggestive of a cell migration defect in the airways of GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212 mice. The CCR3 agonists CCL5 (RANTES) and CCL11 (eotaxin-1) were expressed at similar levels in GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212 and wild-type mice. However, IFN-\u03b3 mRNA and protein were increased in the lung tissue and BAL fluid in GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212 mice, as were mRNA levels of the IFN-\u03b3-inducible chemokines CXCL9 (Mig), CXCL10 (IP-10), and CXCL11 (I-Tac). Interestingly, these IFN-\u03b3-inducible chemokines are natural antagonists of CCR3, suggesting that their overproduction in GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212 mice contributes to the lack of airway eosinophils. These findings demonstrate distinctive abnormalities to a model of allergic asthma in the absence of GM-CSF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T23:26:28Z","timestamp":1397863588000},"page":"2600-2607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Is Required for Bronchial Eosinophilia in a Murine Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Yung-Chang","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Inflammation Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Rolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Inflammation Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole G","family":"Hansbro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma, Allergy and Inflammation Research Centre, University of Newcastle , Newcastle ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles R","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Inflammation Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A","family":"Sewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Inflammation Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032701000411900_R1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Semin. 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