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In this study, we demonstrate that mouse SLPI is critically involved in innate host defense against pulmonary mycobacterial infection. During the early phase of respiratory infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Gue\u0301rin, SLPI was produced by bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, as well as alveolar macrophages, and secreted into the alveolar space. Recombinant mouse SLPI effectively inhibited in vitro growth of bacillus Calmette-Gue\u0301rin and Mycobacterium tuberculosis through disruption of the mycobacterial cell wall structure. Each of the two whey acidic protein domains in SLPI was sufficient for inhibiting mycobacterial growth. Cationic residues within the whey acidic protein domains of SLPI were essential for disruption of mycobacterial cell walls. Mice lacking SLPI were highly susceptible to pulmonary infection with M. tuberculosis. Thus, mouse SLPI is an essential component of innate host defense against mycobacteria at the respiratory mucosal surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.6.4032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:47:10Z","timestamp":1397850430000},"page":"4032-4039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Potent Antimycobacterial Activity of Mouse Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Junichi","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Saiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Okuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host Defense, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisako","family":"Kayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Kuwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohkichi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host Defense, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshirou","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Sawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuo","family":"Akira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunobu","family":"Yoshikai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Host Defense, Research Center for Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012809131711300_R1","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012809131711300_R2","first-page":"599","volume-title":"Annu. 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