{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T22:13:14Z","timestamp":1789855994537,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow\u2013derived myeloid cells that have immune-suppressive activities. These cells have been reported to suppress T cell immunity against tumors as well as in some parasitic and bacterial infections. However, their role during Trypanosoma congolense infection has not been studied. Given that immunosuppression is a hallmark of African trypanosomiasis, we investigated the role of MDSCs in immunity to T. congolense infection. We found increased numbers of MDSCs in the spleen and liver of infected mice, which correlated with increased parasitemia. Depletion of MDSCs significantly increased the percentage of proliferating and IFN-\u03b3\u2013producing CD4+ T cells from the spleen of T. congolense\u2013infected mice. Furthermore, MDSCs from T. congolense\u2013infected mice directly suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation in a coculture setting. This suppressive effect was abolished by the arginase-1 inhibitor, N\u03c9-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA), indicating that MDSCs suppress CD4+ T cell proliferation and function in an arginase-1\u2013dependent manner. Indeed, depletion of MDSCs during infection led to control of the first wave of parasitemia and prolonged survival of infected mice. This was also associated with increased CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-\u03b3 production. Taken together, our findings identify an important role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of experimental T. congolense infection via suppression of T cell proliferative and effector cytokine responses in an arginase-1\u2013dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T16:16:02Z","timestamp":1528906562000},"page":"507-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Contribute to Susceptibility to <i>Trypanosoma congolense<\/i> Infection by Suppressing CD4+ T Cell Proliferation and IFN-\u03b3 Production"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Chukwunonso","family":"Onyilagha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiby","family":"Kuriakose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nnamdi","family":"Ikeogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jude","family":"Uzonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417570498700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-521X(98)00086-9","article-title":"Measuring the costs of African animal trypanosomosis, the potential benefits of control and returns to research","volume":"59","author":"Kristjanson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Agric. 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