{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:21:06Z","timestamp":1790709666749,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Suppression of host oxidative burst is essential for survival of the intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani. Screening of macrophage antioxidant enzymes during infection revealed marked upregulation of the heme-degrading enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Moreover, HO-1\u2013silenced RAW macrophages depicted increased superoxide production and decreased parasite survival. HO-1 induction decreased cellular heme content, thereby inhibiting the heme-dependent maturation of gp91phox, a catalytic component of major reactive oxygen species\u2013producing enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase. Decreased gp91phox expression resulted in reduced stability of p22phox, another component of the catalytic center of NAD(P)H oxidase. Replenishing infected cells with exogenous heme reversed these effects and restored NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Persistent HO-1 expression at late hour of infection prompted us to investigate its effect on other host defense parameters, and inhibition study revealed a reciprocal relationship of HO-1 with host proinflammatory responses. Among all the HO-1\u2013mediated heme degradation products (CO, Fe, and biliverdin), only CO documented potent anti-inflammatory effects. Quenching of CO during infection increased the production of disease-resolving cytokines IL-12 and TNF-\u03b1. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CO inhibited the interaction of TLR4 with MyD88 and TIR domain\u2013containing adapter-inducing IFN-\u03b2, thereby dampening the activation of NF-\u03baB and IFN regulatory factor 3\u2013mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines. Administration of HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX dichloride in infected BALB\/c mice led to a decrease in liver and spleen parasite burden along with increased production of IL-12 and TNF-\u03b1. These results suggest that HO-1 on one hand inhibits reactive oxygen species generation and on the other hand downregulates host favorable cytokine responses, thereby facilitating intramacrophage parasite survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T18:09:18Z","timestamp":1546020558000},"page":"827-840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["<i>Leishmania donovani<\/i>\n                    Exploits Macrophage Heme Oxygenase-1 To Neutralize Oxidative Burst and TLR Signaling\u2013Dependent Host Defense"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Shriya","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta , Kolkata 700019 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moumita","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta , Kolkata 700019 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subham","family":"Guin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purnima","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer , 69372 Lyon Cedex 08 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Mitterstiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck , 69008 Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0709-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guenter","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck , 69008 Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4748-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuladip","family":"Jana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute , Kolkata 700054 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1102-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anindita","family":"Ukil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta , Kolkata 700019 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417560426200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.3.4.835-846.2004","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to oxidative and nitrosative stress: implications for fungal survival in mammalian hosts","volume":"3","author":"Missall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eukaryot. 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