{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:16:33Z","timestamp":1791591393322,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) is a tertiary lymphoid structure that resembles secondary lymphoid organs. iBALT is induced in the lung in response to Ag exposure. In some cases, such as infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the formation of iBALT structure is indicative of an effective protective immune response. However, with persistent exposure to Ags during chronic inflammation, allergy, or autoimmune diseases, iBALT may be associated with exacerbation of inflammation. iBALT is characterized by well-organized T and B areas enmeshed with conventional dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells, and stromal cells, usually located surrounding airways or blood vessels. Several of the molecular signals and cellular contributors that mediate formation of iBALT structures have been recently identified. This review will outline the recent findings associated with the formation and maintenance of iBALT and their contributions toward a protective or pathogenic function in pulmonary disease outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T01:25:15Z","timestamp":1555982715000},"page":"2519-2526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Friend or Foe: The Protective and Pathological Roles of Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Pulmonary Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2626-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy D","family":"Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6585-9655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micah D","family":"Dunlap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63110"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3521-1257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center , Covington, LA 70118"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9545-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabaana A","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417561650600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804324","article-title":"Secondary lymphoid organs: responding to genetic and environmental cues in ontogeny and the immune response","volume":"183","author":"Ruddle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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