{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1778483338337,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Chronic rejection is a major problem in transplantation medicine, largely resistant to therapy, and poorly understood. We have shown previously that basophil-derived IL-4 contributes to fibrosis and vasculopathy in a model of heart transplantation with depletion of CD4+ T cells. However, it is unknown how basophils are activated in the allografts and whether they play a role when cyclosporin A (CsA) immunosuppression is applied. BALB\/c donor hearts were heterotopically transplanted into fully MHC-mismatched C57BL\/6 recipients and acute rejection was prevented by depletion of CD4+ T cells or treatment with CsA. We found that IL-3 is significantly upregulated in chronically rejecting allografts and is the major activator of basophils in allografts. Using IL-3\u2013deficient mice and depletion of basophils, we show that IL-3 contributes to allograft fibrosis and organ failure in a basophil-dependent manner. Also, in the model of chronic rejection involving CsA, IL-3 and basophils substantially contribute to organ remodeling, despite the almost complete suppression of IL-4 by CsA. In this study, basophil-derived IL-6 that is resistant to suppression by CsA, was largely responsible for allograft fibrosis and limited transplant survival. Our data show that IL-3 induces allograft fibrosis and chronic rejection of heart transplants, and exerts its profibrotic effects by activation of infiltrating basophils. Blockade of IL-3 or basophil-derived cytokines may provide new strategies to prevent or delay the development of chronic allograft rejection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T19:15:16Z","timestamp":1557342916000},"page":"3514-3523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["IL-3 Triggers Chronic Rejection of Cardiac Allografts by Activation of Infiltrating Basophils"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7178-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saidou","family":"Balam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Schiechl-Brachner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Buchtler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Halbritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Schmidbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Talke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Neumayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan-Niklas","family":"Salewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederike","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajime","family":"Karasuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo 113-8510 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Yamanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo 113-8510 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward K","family":"Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417562521800_r1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Chronic rejection. A general overview of histopathology and pathophysiology with emphasis on liver, heart and intestinal allografts","volume":"2","author":"Demetris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Transplant."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.10.009","article-title":"Evolving areas in heart transplantation","volume":"5","author":"Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.01.013","article-title":"Extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac fibrosis","volume":"68\u201369","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.04.033","article-title":"Allograft vasculopathy: the achilles\u2019 heel of heart transplantation","volume":"68","author":"Chih","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.08.017","article-title":"The registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: thirty-third adult heart transplantation report-2016; focus theme: primary diagnostic indications for transplant","volume":"35","author":"Lund","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13764","article-title":"Basophils trigger fibroblast activation in cardiac allograft fibrosis development","volume":"16","author":"Schiechl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r7","first-page":"148","article-title":"State-of-the-art review about basophil research in immunology and allergy: is the time right to treat these cells with the respect they deserve?","volume":"10","author":"Chirumbolo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24441","article-title":"Important role of interleukin-3 in the early phase of collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"60","author":"Br\u00fchl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.735","article-title":"Identification of antigen-capturing cells as basophils","volume":"174","author":"Mack","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900328","article-title":"IL-33 activates unprimed murine basophils directly in vitro and induces their in vivo expansion indirectly by promoting hematopoietic growth factor production","volume":"183","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10329","article-title":"TSLP promotes interleukin-3-independent basophil haematopoiesis and type 2 inflammation","volume":"477","author":"Siracusa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.2A0715-292RR","article-title":"Late IL-3-induced phenotypic and functional alterations in human basophils require continuous IL-3 receptor signaling","volume":"101","author":"K\u00e4mpfer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1621","article-title":"Basophils enhance immunological memory responses","volume":"9","author":"Denzel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14954","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117584109","article-title":"Antibodies and IL-3 support helminth-induced basophil expansion","volume":"109","author":"Herbst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/32190","article-title":"Role for interleukin-3 in mast-cell and basophil development and in immunity to parasites","volume":"392","author":"Lantz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.196","article-title":"IL-3 contributes to development of lupus nephritis in MRL\/lpr mice","volume":"88","author":"Renner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.87157","article-title":"IL-3 promotes the development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"1","author":"Renner","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.38","article-title":"Basophils control T-cell responses and limit disease activity in experimental murine colitis","volume":"7","author":"Gomez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.14.5542","article-title":"Interleukin 3 activates human blood basophils via high-affinity binding sites","volume":"86","author":"Valent","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3949","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-149419","article-title":"IL-3 induces a Pim1-dependent antiapoptotic pathway in primary human basophils","volume":"112","author":"Didichenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01164.x","article-title":"The GM-CSF\/IL-3\/IL-5 cytokine receptor family: from ligand recognition to initiation of signaling","volume":"250","author":"Broughton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114352","article-title":"Regulation of interleukin 3 gene induction in normal human T cells","volume":"84","author":"Guba","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4268","article-title":"Interleukin-3 amplifies acute inflammation and is a potential therapeutic target in sepsis","volume":"347","author":"Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801782","article-title":"Human basophils secrete IL-3: evidence of autocrine priming for phenotypic and functional responses in allergic disease","volume":"182","author":"Schroeder","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199409150-00009","article-title":"Helper T lymphocyte unresponsiveness to cardiac allografts following transient depletion of CD4-positive cells. Implications for cellular and humoral responses","volume":"58","author":"Bishop","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12186","article-title":"Inhibition of innate co-receptor TREM-1 signaling reduces CD4(+) T cell activation and prolongs cardiac allograft survival","volume":"13","author":"Schiechl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.165","article-title":"Role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in experimental chronic cyclosporine nephropathy","volume":"49","author":"Shihab","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.48","article-title":"Heterotopic vascularized murine cardiac transplantation to study graft arteriopathy","volume":"2","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-068718","article-title":"Basophils are essential initiators of a novel type of chronic allergic inflammation","volume":"110","author":"Obata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7180","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002319","article-title":"Basophils support the survival of plasma cells in mice","volume":"185","author":"Rodriguez Gomez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r31","first-page":"142","article-title":"Basophils: new players in the cytokine network","volume":"21","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5346","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.9.5346","article-title":"Stimulation of human endothelium with IL-3 induces selective basophil accumulation in vitro","volume":"176","author":"Lim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.6.1832","article-title":"IL-3 augments adhesiveness for endothelium and CD11b expression in human basophils but not neutrophils","volume":"145","author":"Bochner","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902447","article-title":"Cutting edge: basophils are transiently recruited into the draining lymph nodes during helminth infection via IL-3, but infection-induced Th2 immunity can develop without basophil lymph node recruitment or IL-3","volume":"184","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2008.88","article-title":"IL-3 is required for increases in blood basophils in nematode infection in mice and can enhance IgE-dependent IL-4 production by basophils in vitro","volume":"88","author":"Lantz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.8.5189","article-title":"Transendothelial migration of human basophils","volume":"173","author":"Iikura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2017.11.010","article-title":"Inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"68-69","author":"Mack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.90","article-title":"Type 2 immunity in tissue repair and fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"Gieseck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015","article-title":"Macrophages in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02706.x","article-title":"Critical role for IL-6 in hypertrophy and fibrosis in chronic cardiac allograft rejection","volume":"9","author":"Diaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r41","article-title":"Macrophage-stimulated cardiac fibroblast production of IL-6 is essential for TGF \u03b2\/Smad activation and cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12471","article-title":"Cyclosporine-mediated allograft fibrosis is associated with micro-RNA-21 through AKT signaling","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17892","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906070106","article-title":"CD4+ T cells control the differentiation of Gr1+ monocytes into fibrocytes","volume":"106","author":"Niedermeier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.5.1259","article-title":"Differential regulation of transforming growth factor beta and interleukin 2 genes in human T cells: demonstration by usage of novel competitor DNA constructs in the quantitative polymerase chain reaction","volume":"174","author":"Li","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r45","first-page":"E181","article-title":"Differential regulation of macrophage arginine metabolism: a proposed role in wound healing","volume":"272","author":"Shearer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24676","article-title":"IL-11 is a crucial determinant of cardiovascular fibrosis","volume":"552","author":"Schafer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180722","article-title":"Self-reactive CD4+ IL-3+ T cells amplify autoimmune inflammation in myocarditis by inciting monocyte chemotaxis","volume":"216","author":"Anzai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201445303","article-title":"IL-3 synergises with basophil-derived IL-4 and IL-13 to promote the alternative activation of human monocytes","volume":"45","author":"Borriello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03050-0","article-title":"Vascular niche IL-6 induces alternative macrophage activation in glioblastoma through HIF-2\u03b1","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32312.x","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-11--mediated signal transduction","volume":"762","author":"Yang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22322","article-title":"The origin of fibroblasts and mechanism of cardiac fibrosis","volume":"225","author":"Krenning","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.05.005","article-title":"Monocytic fibroblast precursors mediate fibrosis in angiotensin-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"49","author":"Haudek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403533","article-title":"Circulating fibrocytes define a new leukocyte subpopulation that mediates tissue repair","volume":"1","author":"Bucala","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.287","article-title":"Origin of myofibroblasts and cellular events triggering fibrosis","volume":"87","author":"Mack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.84","article-title":"Fibrocytes develop outside the kidney but contribute to renal fibrosis in a mouse model","volume":"84","author":"Reich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018020138","article-title":"Cellular origin and functional relevance of collagen I production in the kidney","volume":"29","author":"Buchtler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2025030417562521800_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92512-4","article-title":"Letter: basophils and mast cells in renal allograft rejection","volume":"1","author":"Colvin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/202\/12\/3514\/61871751\/ji1801269.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/202\/12\/3514\/61871751\/ji1801269.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T19:03:59Z","timestamp":1741115039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/202\/12\/3514\/7952711"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1801269","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}}}