{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:51:50Z","timestamp":1790887910836,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2067,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IFN belong to a group of cytokines specialized in the immunity to viruses. Upon viral infection, type I IFN is produced and alters the transcriptome of responding cells through induction of a set of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) with regulatory or antiviral function, resulting in a cellular antiviral state. Fish genomes have both type I IFN and type II IFN (IFN-\u03b3), but no type III (\u03bb) IFN has been identified. Their receptors are not simple counterparts of the mammalian type I\/II IFN receptors, because alternative chains are used in type I IFN receptors. The mechanisms of the downstream signaling remain partly undefined. In mammals, members of the signal transducer and activator of family of transcription factors are responsible for the transmission of the signal from cytokine receptors, and STAT2 is required for type I but not type II IFN signaling. In fish, its role in IFN signaling in fish remains unclear. We isolated a Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) cell line, GS2, with a stat2 gene knocked out by CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing. In this cell line, the induction of ISGs by stimulation with a recombinant type I IFN is completely obliterated as evidenced by comparative RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptome of GS2 and its parental counterpart, EC. Despite a complete absence of ISGs induction, the GS2 cell line has a remarkable ability to resist to viral infections. Therefore, other STAT2-independent pathways may be induced by the viral infection, illustrating the robustness and redundancy of the innate antiviral defenses in fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T15:44:32Z","timestamp":1559144672000},"page":"465-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Viral Resistance and IFN Signaling in STAT2 Knockout Fish Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1732-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carola E","family":"Dehler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aberdeen , AB24 2TZ Aberdeen ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory , AB11 9DB Aberdeen ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Della Pelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virologie et Immunologie Mol\u00e9culaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5094-7302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"Jouneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virologie et Immunologie Mol\u00e9culaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armel","family":"Houel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virologie et Immunologie Mol\u00e9culaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory , AB11 9DB Aberdeen ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9130-6261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Dovgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aberdeen , AB24 2TZ Aberdeen ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory , AB11 9DB Aberdeen ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radek","family":"Machat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virologie et Immunologie Mol\u00e9culaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aberdeen , AB24 2TZ Aberdeen ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Boudinot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virologie et Immunologie Mol\u00e9culaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel A M","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aberdeen , AB24 2TZ Aberdeen ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2795-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Collet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory , AB11 9DB Aberdeen ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Virologie et Immunologie Mol\u00e9culaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417540186200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2314","article-title":"Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors","volume":"8","author":"Sadler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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