{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T05:44:07Z","timestamp":1741153447090,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi has recently been shown to cause relapsing fever. Like the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, B. miyamotoi is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks; however, little is known about the response of the immune system upon infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the early immune response against B. burgdorferi. We investigated the response of DCs to two different strains of B. miyamotoi using in vitro and ex vivo models and compared this to the response elicited by B. burgdorferi. Our findings show that B. miyamotoi is phagocytosed by monocyte-derived DCs, causing upregulation of activation markers and production of proinflammatory cytokines in a similar manner to B. burgdorferi. Recognition of B. miyamotoi was demonstrated to be partially mediated by TLR2. DCs migrated out of human skin explants upon inoculation of the skin with B. miyamotoi. Finally, we showed that B. miyamotoi\u2013stimulated DCs induced proliferation of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to a larger extent than B. burgdorferi. In conclusion, we show in this study that DCs respond to and mount an immune response against B. miyamotoi that is similar to the response to B. burgdorferi and is able to induce T cell proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T21:35:17Z","timestamp":1575927317000},"page":"386-393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/i> Activates Human Dendritic Cells and Elicits T Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Lauren M K","family":"Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4604-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joris","family":"Koetsveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos J A","family":"Trentelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja M","family":"Kaptein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieuwertje","family":"Hoornstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Wagemakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle M","family":"Fikrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmin I","family":"Ersoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anneke","family":"Oei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teunis B H","family":"Geijtenbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joppe W R","family":"Hovius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Multidisciplinary Lyme Borreliosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417510393400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209039","article-title":"Meningoencephalitis from Borrelia miyamotoi in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"368","author":"Gugliotta","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. 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