{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T23:12:44Z","timestamp":1769641964286,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs and potent stimulators of naive T cells. Since DCs have the ability to immunize or tolerize T cells they are unique candidates for use in immunotherapy. Our laboratory has discovered that a naturally processed self-peptide from apolipoprotein E, Ep1.B, induces DC-like morphology and surface marker expression in a murine monocytic cell line (PU5-1.8), human monocytic cell line (U937), murine splenocytes, and human peripheral blood monocytes. Microscopy and flow cytometric analysis revealed that Ep1.B-treated cells display decreased adherence to plastic and increased aggregation, dendritic processes, and expression of DC surface markers, including DEC-205, CD11c, B7.1, and B7.2. These effects were observed in both PU5-1.8 cells and splenocytes from various mouse strains including BALB\/c, C57BL\/6, NOD\/Lt, and C3H\/HeJ. Coadministration of Ep1.B with OVA antigenic peptide functions in dampening specific immune response to OVA. Ep1.B down-regulates proliferation of T cells and IFN-\u03b3 production and stimulates IL-10 secretion in immunized mice. Ep1.B-induced differentiation resulted in the activation of PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways, including ERK1\/2, p38, and JNK. We also found that NF-\u03baB, a transcription factor essential for DC differentiation, is critical in mediating the effects of Ep1.B. Ep1.B-induced differentiation is independent of MyD88-dependent pathway of TLR signaling. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that Ep1.B acts by initiating a signal transduction cascade in monocytes leading to their differentiation into DCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.6859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:00:36Z","timestamp":1397847636000},"page":"6859-6871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dendritic Cell Differentiation Induced by a Self-Peptide Derived from Apolipoprotein E"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Tracey A.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enayat","family":"Nikoopour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverly J.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Leon-Ponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thu A.","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robarts Research Institute , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Mikolajczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratibha","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Lee-Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Flavell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S M Mansour","family":"Haeryfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquin","family":"Madrenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhagirath","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, Canadian Institutes of Health Research , London, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807063795800_R1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Dendritic cell subsets in health and disease","volume-title":"Immunol. 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