{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:59:50Z","timestamp":1790477990498,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>All jawed vertebrates limit use of DH reading frames (RFs) that are enriched for hydrophobic amino acids. In BALB\/c mice, DFL16.1 RF2 encodes valine and isoleucine. To test whether increased use of RF2 affects B cell function, we examined B cell development and Ab production in mice with an IgH allele (\u0394D-D\u03bcFS) limited to use of a single, frameshifted DFL61.1 gene segment. We compared the results of these studies to wild-type mice, as well as those previously obtained in mice limited to use of either a single normal DH or a single inverted DH that forces use of arginine in CDR-H3. All three of the mouse strains limited to a single DH produced fewer immature B cells than wild type. However, whereas mice limited to a single normal DH achieved normal B cell numbers in the periphery, mice forced to preferentially use RF2 had reduced numbers of mature B cells in the spleen and bone marrow, mirroring the pattern previously observed in mice enriched for charged CDR-H3s. There were two exceptions. B cells in the mice using RF2 normally populated the marginal zone and peritoneal cavity, whereas mice using inverted RF1 had increased numbers of marginal zone B cells and decreased numbers of B1a cells. When challenged with several T-dependent or T-independent Ags, Ag-specific Ab titers in the mice forced to use RF2 were altered. These findings indicate that B cell development and Ag-specific Ab production can be heavily influenced by the global amino acid content of the CDR-H3 repertoire.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T23:24:21Z","timestamp":1397863461000},"page":"8409-8415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Preferential Use of DH Reading Frame 2 Alters B Cell Development and Antigen-Specific Antibody Production"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Robert L","family":"Schelonka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zemlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Philipps Universit\u00e4t Marburg , Marburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory C","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxin","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G Larry","family":"Gartland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Szalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohtaro","family":"Fujihashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Rajewsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Harry W","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032719421937500_R1","first-page":"575","article-title":"Somatic generation of antibody diversity","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1983"},{"key":"2025032719421937500_R2","first-page":"4118","article-title":"Joining of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene segments: implications from a chromosome with evidence of three D-J heavy fusions","volume-title":"Proc. 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