{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:32:24Z","timestamp":1790908344679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Legionella pneumophila causes severe pneumonia. Acetylation of histones is thought to be an important regulator of gene transcription, but its impact on L. pneumophila-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines is unknown. L. pneumophila strain 130b induced the expression of the important chemoattractant IL-8 and genome-wide histone modifications in human lung epithelial A549 cells. We analyzed the IL-8-promoter and found that histone H4 was acetylated and H3 was phosphorylated at Ser10 and acetylated at Lys14, followed by transcription factor NF-\u03baB. Recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the IL-8 promoter corresponded with increases in gene transcription. Histone modification and IL-8 release were dependent on p38 kinase and NF-\u03baB pathways. Legionella-induced IL-8 expression was decreased by histone acetylase (HAT) inhibitor anacardic acid and enhanced by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A. After Legionella infection, HATs p300 and CREB-binding protein were time-dependently recruited to the IL-8 promoter, whereas HDAC1 and HDAC5 first decreased and later reappeared at the promoter. Legionella specifically induced expression of HDAC5 but not of other HDACs in lung epithelial cells, but knockdown of HDAC1 or 5 did not alter IL-8 release. Furthermore, Legionella-induced cytokine release, promoter-specific histone modifications, and RNA polymerase II recruitment were reduced in infection with flagellin-deletion mutants. Legionella-induced histone modification as well as HAT-\/HDAC-dependent IL-8 release could also be shown in primary lung epithelial cells. In summary, histone acetylation seems to be important for the regulation of proinflammatory gene expression in L. pneumophila infected lung epithelial cells. These pathways may contribute to the host response in Legionnaires\u2019 disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.2.940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:27:05Z","timestamp":1397849225000},"page":"940-947","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Histone Acetylation and Flagellin Are Essential for\n                    <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>\n                    -Induced Cytokine Expression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Bernd","family":"Schmeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FORSYS Junior Research Group \u201cSystems Biology of Lung Inflammation,\u201d Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe Dje","family":"N\u2032Guessan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"van Laak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Zahlten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hortense","family":"Slevogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Witzenrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Flieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NG5 Pathogenesis of Legionella Infection, Robert Koch-Institut , Berlin,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Suttorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hippenstiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807105862700_R1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Legionella as a cause of severe pneumonia","volume-title":"Sem. 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