{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:21:49Z","timestamp":1791008509867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Attrition of heterologous virus-specific CD8+ T cells has been demonstrated in murine viral infection; however, little is known regarding this phenomenon in human viral infections. In this study, we observed that CMV-specific CD8+ T cells displayed numerical decline and functional impairment in the early phase of acute infection, whereas programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression was significantly up-regulated by these CMV-specific CD8+ T cells. This early PD-1 up-regulation was found to be closely associated with the increased apoptotic sensitivity of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells. The in vitro addition of anti-PD-1 further enhanced the spontaneous apoptosis of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells; however, blockade of the PD-1-mediated pathway with anti-PD-L1 significantly restored the CMV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation and IFN-\u03b3 production. Thus, PD-1 plays a crucial role in the attrition of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells in acute hepatitis B virus infection, which in turn, influences the preexisting homeostatic virus-specific CD8+ T cell pool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.3741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:24:33Z","timestamp":1397849073000},"page":"3741-3744","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cutting Edge: Programmed Death-1 Up-Regulation Is Involved in the Attrition of Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Acute Self-Limited Hepatitis B Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Ji-Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Bao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Liang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807085192700_R1","first-page":"1377","article-title":"Persistence of memory CD8 T cells in MHC class I-deficient mice","volume-title":"Science","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026012807085192700_R2","first-page":"733","article-title":"Attrition of T cell memory: selective loss of LCMV epitope-specific memory CD8 T cells following infections with heterologous viruses","volume-title":"Immunity.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026012807085192700_R3","first-page":"5965","article-title":"Attrition of bystander CD8 T cells during virus-induced T-cell and interferon responses","volume-title":"J. 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